Table 1 Educational contents related to integrating clients’ R/S into clinical practice (intervention group)
Session 1 | - Introduction and explanation of the goals and expectations related to the program - The concept of holism, holistic care, and its importance in nursing - R/S concepts; differences and similarities - The importance of integrating client’s R/S in to clinical nursing practice; its outcomes for clients and healthcare providers - How do nurses’ spiritual beliefs affect their life style, response to disease, and healthcare & treatment choices - Some discussions about finding life meaning and goal in the face of suffering, disease, and death in addition to concepts such as trust and honesty - Definition of spiritual care, history and condition of spiritual care in Iran and the world - Exercise: Nurses were asked to provide scenarios regarding their clinical experiences for the next session. |
Session 2 | - Self-consciousness and self-evaluation, identification of limitations and evaluation of the nurses’ skills with regard to integrating client’s R/S into nursing practice - Evaluation and integration of the client’s R/S into the nursing practices - Identification of the current empirically supported methods for integrating clients’ RS in practice. Such methods include standardized assessment tools, manualized interventions, empirically supported practical behaviors related to client’s characteristics and preferences -Evaluation of the client’s R/S needs and implementation of strategies for receiving a spiritual history from the clients - Considering the patient’s spiritual needs and respect for the client’s R/S beliefs - Evaluation of the client’s reactions to feelings of loneliness, weakness, disease, and death - Collection of information about the clients’ spiritual and religious beliefs -Introduction of some appropriate questions to ask if you wanted to learn more about a client’s spiritual and religious beliefs/values - Distinction between helpful and harmful types of spirituality - Provision of a model to evaluate the patients’ R/S and provision of some strategies to collect information about the clients’ R/S history - Recognition of positive and negative mechanisms and strategies of the clients regarding R/S - Recognition of the spiritual sources of clients and hospitals - Examples of questions to evaluate clients’ R/S - Exercise: discussion about the scenarios, R/S evaluation in the scenarios suggested by nurses, application of the questionnaires and the model suggested by instructors |
Session 3 | - Recognition of R/S problems of the clients (nursing diagnosis) such as spiritual distress - Spiritual distress indicators and verbal statements of the clients with regard to spiritual distress - Use of verbal/non-verbal skills related to the clients’ culture - Communication skills with respect to spiritual care within the context of patients’ relationship with nurses and the multidisciplinary team (spiritual assessment and spiritual support) -Transfer of bad news and terminal patients and their spirituality: related points to be considered” - Recognition of R/S conflicts, personal needs of patients in relation to R/S - Planning for implementation of R/S care - Recognition of positive and negative R/S coping strategies - Interventions to reduce spiritual distress, decrease R/S problems, and promote spiritual growth of the client - Provision of R/S sources and advisors for the client and support of his/her R/S rituals - Introduction of concepts such as forgiveness, thankfulness, mindfulness, presence, hope, meaning, connection to transcendent power, spiritual change, and ultimate reality - Skills necessary for the nurse to provide R/S interventions - Introduction and review of two clinical guides localized for spiritual care in Iran - Exercise: determining problems in spiritual diagnoses and scenarios as well as designing interventions for such problems |
Session 4 | - Evaluation of the outcomes of R/S care for the clients - Application of the evaluation methods for the R/S interventions - Documentation of the nursing process in spiritual care and integration of the client’s R/S into nursing practice - Limitations and barriers of the R/S care - Reflection on the personal experiences related to aspects of spiritual care in nursing practice - Planning for client’s discharge - Summary and conclusion of the program - Exercise: review of the scenarios designed in previous sessions, nursing process, and evaluation of the R/S care. |