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Table 1 Example of the analysis process regarding one theme

From: How nurses support self-management of hospitalized patients through verbal communication: a qualitative study

Quote (example)

Code

Subcategory

Category

Theme

Nurse: ‘Do you feel like eating?’

Asks wishes/opinion food/drink

Asks preferences and wishes

Asking patient’s opinion

Focusing on patient’s perspective

Nurse: ‘Would you like to sit on the bedside for breakfast?’

Asks wishes/opinion ADL/mobilizing

Nurse: ‘What makes you so nauseous? Was it the Naproxen?’

Asks wishes/opinion medication

Nurse: ‘Do you want to see the wound?’

Asks wishes/opinion care (involvement)

Nurse: ‘Do I first have to flush the infusion?

Asks how action is done

Asks knowledge of (planned) care

Nurse: ‘Do you want your blood sugar tested now?’- Patient: ‘It may also be done later during dialysis.’- Nurse: ‘When do they normally test?’

Asks for agreements made

Nurse: ‘Do you want to have the Fraxiparine in the leg or in the abdomen?’

Offers a choice

Make a proposal or give a choice

Nurse: ‘Hello, is it okay if I help you wash yourself now?’

Offers help

Nurse: ‘Today 2600 cc fluid removal. What do you think of that?’

Makes a proposal

Nurse: ‘Hi, I want to give you the Fraxiparine.’- Patient: ‘That’s okay.’

Names what he/she will do

Asks permission

Nurse: ‘Hi, can I flush the tube?’

Asks permission to do something

Patient: ‘I understood that I had to stop taking that one pill 7 days before the operation, but I got it this morning’. Nurse: ‘How nice of you to bring this up. Thanks for thinking along’.

Express appreciation for patient’s help or initiative

Accept patient’s initiative

Acknowledge patient’s initiative

Patient: ‘My husband and son are coming soon, they want to take me in the wheelchair, so that I can get away for a while’. Nurse: ‘Okay’.

Confirm patient’s suggestion

Patient: ‘Well, I prefer it (medication) in the evening, because otherwise I get so restless.’ Nurse: ‘Oh, that is good to know, I’ll have it changed.

Honor patient’s proposal or choice

Nurse: ‘Today 2200 cc fluid removal.’- Patient: ‘Yes that’s fine, more is also okay. I will note 30 minutes in advance if I get cramps.’- Nurse: ‘But your blood pressure is low.’- Patient: Oh, then rather don’t do it, no.’- Nurse: ‘I will set it to 2200 cc.’- Patient: ‘That is okay.’

Offers a choice

Discuss patient’s initiative