Table 3 Attitudes of surgical ward nurses toward PCA
Items | Strongly disagree N (%) | Disagree N (%) | Agree N (%) | Strongly agree N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Education on how to use PCA | ||||
21. I educate the patient and guardian on how to use PCA every time. | 0 (0.0) | 16 (13.7) | 44 (37.6) | 57 (48.7) |
22. I educate the patient on how to use PCA immediately after surgery. | 0 (0.0) | 9 (7.7) | 41 (35.0) | 67 (57.3) |
23. I educate the patient on how to use PCA before surgery. | 24 (20.5) | 47 (40.2) | 28 (23.9) | 18 (15.4) |
24. I always educate patients on how to use bolus by demonstrating it directly. | 3 (2.6) | 15 (12.8) | 40 (34.2) | 59 (50.4) |
25. I educate patients to use the bolus before moving or doing deep breathing exercises. | 6 (5.1) | 36 (30.8) | 37 (31.6) | 38 (32.5) |
26. I educate patients not to use too much of the bolus as it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. | 12 (10.3) | 47 (40.2) | 48 (41.0) | 10 (8.5) |
27. I double check that the patient understands how to use PCA. | 0 (0.0) | 10 (8.5) | 75 (64.1) | 32 (27.4) |
Side effects management of opioid analgesics | ||||
28. I regularly check whether side effects occur in patients using PCA. | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.1) | 70 (59.9) | 41 (35.0) |
29. I stop using PCA as the first intervention method when a patient complains of nausea, vomiting and dizziness. | 7 (6.0) | 34 (29.0) | 45 (38.5) | 31 (26.5) |
30. I first administer an antiemetic drug before stopping PCA if the patient complains of nausea and vomiting. | 9 (7.7) | 67 (57.3) | 26 (22.2) | 15 (12.8) |
31. If the patient’s pain is continuously severe, I use PCA with antiemetic drugs even if patient has nausea or vomiting symptoms. | 6 (5.1) | 58 (49.6) | 45 (38.5) | 8 (6.8) |
32. I stop using PCA and administer PRN opioid analgesics if side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness occur even if the patient’s pain is continuously severe. | 1 (0.9) | 50 (42.7) | 46 (39.3) | 20 (17.1) |
Confirmation and management of pain & PCA | ||||
33. I regularly assess the patient’s pain using the pain assessment tool each time. | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 51 (43.5) | 65 (55.6) |
34. I administer PRN opioid analgesics to patients if their pain control is insufficient even during PCA use. | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (34.2) | 77 (65.8) |
35. I regularly check whether the drug and personal information, insertion site, injection volume, and settings of the PCA that the patient is using, operate normally. | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 53 (45.2) | 62 (53.0) |