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Table 3 Comparison of the ESAS dimensions, ESAS total, and the MMAS total by groups over three-time points

From: Effects of a multidisciplinary management program on symptom burden and medication adherence in heart failure patients with comorbidities: A randomized controlled trial

Variables

Group (each group n = 47)

Time 1 *

Time 2 *

Time 3 *

P-value (Time1 vs Time 2

P-value (Time 2 vs. Time 3)

P-value

within

group

P-value

Interaction effect Time × group a

Symptom burden dimensions, mean ± SD

Chest pain

MMP

6.76 ± 1.73

5.02 ± 1.62

4.23 ± 1.34

 < 0.001

0.016

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

6.27 ± 1.79

6.65 ± 1.10

6.91 ± 1.34

0.146

0.204

0.120

P-value

between

 < 0.001 < 0.001

Fatigue

MMP

7.00 ± 1.25

5.85 ± 1.38

5.00 ± 1.78

 < 0.001

0.005

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

6.57 ± 1.47

6.87 ± 1.19

6.85 ± 1.30

0.221

0.929

0.430

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.028

Drowsiness

MMP

6.00 ± 1.51

5.25 ± 1.52

4.12 ± 1.97

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.74 ± 1.67

6.08 ± 1.52

6.17 ± 1.18

0.179

0.721

0.256

P-value

between

0.002 0.002

Nausea

MMP

5.57 ± 1.93

4.61 ± 1.29

3.53 ± 1.12

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.34 ± 1.72

5.68 ± 1.14

5.65 ± 1.41

0.262

0.934

0.508

P-value

between

0.002 0.002

Loss of appetite

MMP

5.34 ± 1.95

4.19 ± 1.52

3.31 ± 1.57

 < 0.001

0.022

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.53 ± 1.93

6.17 ± 1.74

6.17 ± 1.68

0.160

0.990

0.290

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.040

Constipation

MMP

6.21 ± 1.92

7.08 ± 0.95

4.95 ± 1.86

0.319

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.51 ± 1.50

5.95 ± 1.45

7.95 ± 1.86

0.023

0.001

0.021

P-value

between

0.021 0.002

Dyspnea

MMP

6.53 ± 1.75

5.14 ± 1.65

4.48 ± 1.41

 < 0.001

0.008

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

6.29 ± 1.73

6.34 ± 1.55

6.59 ± 1.67

0.877

0.345

0.544

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.012

Depression

MMP

5.76 ± 1.68

5.19 ± 1.54

5.00 ± 1.68

0.040

0.509

0.037

0.006

UC

5.40 ± 1.86

5.93 ± 1.45

6.14 ± 1.48

0.090

0.323

0.088

P-value

between

0.009 0.262

Anxiety

MMP

6.59 ± 1.45

5.74 ± 1.30

4.70 ± 1.66

 < 0.001

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.85 ± 1.60

6.31 ± 1.27

6.36 ± 1.35

0.102

0.811

0.234

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.003

Feelings of well-being

MMP

6.23 ± 1.23

4.76 ± 1.27

4.42 ± 1.42

 < 0.001

0.195

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.55 ± 1.28

6.29 ± 1.33

6.34 ± 1.49

0.015

0.855

0.029

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.273

Inability to Activity

MMP

5.80 ± 1.65

5.02 ± 1.49

4.24 ± 1.63

 < 0.001

0.040

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.80 ± 1.82

6.85 ± 1.45

7.02 ± 1.43

 < 0.001

0.400

 < 0.001

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.044

Problems with consciousness

MMP

4.55 ± 1.51

3.27 ± 0.79

2.77 ± 1.19

 < 0.001

0.053

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

4.02 ± 1.52

4.17 ± 1.22

3.85 ± 1.39

0.582

0.190

0.409

P-value

between

 < 0.001 0.787

Total symptom burden

MMP

6.03 ± 1.00

5.00 ± 0.91

4.27 ± 0.89

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

5.71 ± 1.02

6.20 ± 0.87

6.27 ± 1.04

0.004

0.648

0.002

P-value

between

 < 0.001 < 0.001

Total medication adherence, mean ± SD

MMP

43.30 ± 13.20

23.90 ± 13.67

18.35 ± 8.56

 < 0.001

0.013

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

UC

43.30 ± 14.00

50.00 ± 14.25

50.79 ± 14.90

0.014

0.755

0.017

P-value

between

 < 0.001 < 0.001

  1. MMP, multidisciplinary management program; UC, usual care; SD, standard deviation; ESAS, Edmonton symptom assessment scale; MMAS, Morisky medication adherence scale
  2. * Time 1 (baseline/pre discharge), Time 2 (the sixth week, post-discharge), Time 3 (the eighth week, post-discharge)
  3. a Repeated measures analysis of variance
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BMC Nursing

ISSN: 1472-6955

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