Table 2 The connotations of nursing professionalism
Connotation | Nursing professionalism | Author | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
Professional | Have a systematic nursing knowledge system | Freidson,(2001) [29] Hinshaw, A. S.(1987) [1] | USA USA |
Professional certification | Lamonte M. (2007) [30] Stucky, C. H., & Wymer, J. A. (2020) [31] | USA USA | |
Lifelong learning and participation | Hinshaw, A. S.et al,. (1987) [1] KaradaÄŸ, A.,et al.(2007) [32] | USA Turkey | |
Evidence-based practice | Cornett B. S. (2006) [33] | USA | |
Innovate | Shen et al. (2021) [34] | China | |
Striving for excellence | Boehm, L. M.,et al. (2020) [35] | USA | |
Caring | Creating a caring-healing environment | Watson, J. (1988) [36] | USA |
Displaying kindness/ concern/empathy for others | Collins, H., (2014) [37] Papastavrou E., et al. (2011); [38] Jooste, K., (2010), [39] | UK Greek South Africa | |
Using all ways of knowing support and involvement | Watson, J. (1988) [36] | USA | |
Embracing the unknowns and miracles in life and practicing loving | Watson, J. (1988) [36] | USA | |
Altruism | Patient-first | Kubsch, S, et al. (2021) [40] | USA |
Dedication | Fernandez, R., et al. (2020) [41] Zhang, M, et al.(2021) [42] Goldie J. (2013) [43] | Australia China UK | |
Public service | Riley, J. M etal (2010) [44] | UK | |
Disaster and infectious disease rescue | McDonald L. (2014) [45] Liu, Q., et al. (2020) [46] | Canada China | |
Community service | Kim-Godwin, Y. S(2010) [47] | USA |