Table 3 Hypothesis Testing (N = 881)

NPVS-R

0.59 (< 0.001)

0.37 (< 0.001)

0.53 (< 0.001)

0.55 (< 0.001)

0.58 (< 0.001)

Compassion satisfaction

0.62 (< 0.001)

0.55 (< 0.001)

0.59 (< 0.001)

0.66 (< 0.001)

0.70 (< 0.001)

Secondary traumatic stress

−0.11 (0.002)

−0.01 (0.736)

−0.10 (0.005)

−0.09 (0.008)

−0.08 (0.014)

Burden

−0.48 (< 0.001)

−0.45 (< 0.001)

−0.48 (< 0.001)

−0.53 (< 0.001)

−0.56 (< 0.001)

Length of employment

0.41 (< 0.001)

0.32 (< 0.001)

0.51 (< 0.001)

0.40 (< 0.001)

0.47 (< 0.001)

Staff^a

4.46 (0.56)

3.81 (0.86)

4.16 (0.64)

4.32 (0.67)

4.19 (0.56)

Chief^b

4.68 (0.53)

4.04 (0.88)

4.61 (0.60)

4.67 (0.64)

4.50 (0.56)

Nursing unit manager^c

5.08 (0.51)

4.56 (0.72)

5.03 (0.55)

5.01 (0.61)

4.92 (0.50)

Team manager^d

5.29 (0.48)

4.92 (0.56)

5.29 (0.49)

5.20 (0.61)

5.18 (0.43)

53.15 (< 0.001)

a < b < c,d

34.19 (< 0.001)

a < b < c,d

86.85 (< 0.001)

a < b < c,d

48.31 (< 0.001)

a < b < c,d

75.01 (< 0.001)

a < b < c,d

 Female

4.60 (0.59)

3.98 (0.88)

4.38 (0.71)

4.49 (0.71)

4.36 (0.62)

 Male

4.41 (0.65)

3.68 (0.98)

4.16 (0.67)

4.38 (0.78)

4.16 (0.58)

1.55 (0.122)

1.61 (0.105)

1.52 (0.128)

0.75 (0.453)

1.60 (0.110)

Yes

4.64 (0.59)

3.97 (0.89)

4.49 (0.68)

4.53 (0.68)

4.40 (0.61)

No

4.54 (0.59)

3.95 (0.88)

4.23 (0.71)

4.43 (0.73)

4.29 (0.62)

2.58 (0.010)

0.36 (0.722)

5.29 (< 0.001)

2.01 (0.044)

2.82 (0.005)