Table 4 Themes, categories, subcategories and codes extracted from qualitative content analysis
From: Nurses’ perceptions of critically ill patients’ eye care: a qualitative study in Iran
Codes | Subcategories | Categories | Themes |
|---|---|---|---|
Inadequate training for nurses Improper educational needs assessment Lack of understanding of the importance of eye care in university education Inadequate knowledge of the nurse | The lack of education importance | education, the missing loop | Effects of lack of evidence-based care approach |
Nurses’ misconceptions Employing a novice nurse in the ICU The role of initial assessment in determining the need for eye care Inadequate communication skills Low self-confidence of the nurse | Incompetence of the nurse in performing assigned duties | Inadequate clinical competence of the nurse | |
Failure to pay attention to the consequences of improper eye care Handing over patient’s eye care to paramedics Providing inadequate care Lack of attention to preventive care Check only pupil reaction Not requesting ophthalmology consultation to implement preventive exercise The attitude of taking action after the appearance of eye symptoms | Negligence in eye care by the nurse | ||
Lack of eye care protocol Lack of clinical guidelines for eye care Lack of educational pamphlets Care according to taste Experience-based care | Care based on tradition and experience | Unsafe nursing care | |
Different performance of nurses in eye care of patients with suction Different implementation of nursing interventions in patients with high oxygen flow Incomplete implementation of eye care based on the nursing process Using wrong nursing diagnoses in the patient’s initial assessment sheet | Inconsistency of nursing care with scientific principles | ||
Defects in recording eye health in the initial assessment sheet Defects in the transfer sheet from ward to ward Defects in the nursing report Failure to register in Cardex | Low importance of eye care in patient file documentation | Difficult evaluation of eye care | |
Examining eye health status based on experience Estimating eye damage based on nurses’ mentalities Lack of visual tools in estimating the degree of eye damage Failure to work with an ophthalmoscope | Subjectivity of eye health assessment | ||
Inadequate attention of the clinical supervisor to the way of eye care by the personnel The presence of eye medicines in the form of ointments and drops Tick is the only way to record eye care measures Not including the eye consequences in the Accreditation criteria | Not including eye care in management evaluations | ||
The nurse waiting for the doctor’s attention and attention to the eyes (this is not my job) Depending on the doctor’s order The nurse’s interest in receiving instructions on eye care from the doctor Look up and down Passive behavior of the nurse | Doctor-oriented | Organizational requirements | |
Reduction of motivation due to lack of encouragement from nurses lack of appreciation from superiors to nurses, A flaw in the reward system | Inadequate support from managers | ||
critically ill Overcrowding of the intensive care unit Lack of manpower | Inappropriate working conditions |