Patterns of work-related stress and their predictors among emergency department nurses and emergency medical services staff in a time of crisis: a latent profile analysis

Table 5 Relationships between the latent profile membership and sociodemographic and work-related variables (N = 516)

Predictors	Comparison of latent profiles
	Ref. Profile: 1				Ref. Profile: 2			Ref. Profile: 3		Ref. Profile: 4
	Profile 2	Profile 3	Profile 4	Profile 5	Profile 3	Profile 4	Profile 5	Profile 4	Profile 5	Profile 5
Sex	−0.14 (0.54)	−0.39 (0.51)	−0.89 (0.57)	−0.36 (0.69)	−0.25 (0.37)	−0.74 (0.47)	−0.22 (0.59)	−0.50 (0.43)	0.03 (0.58)	0.53 (0.65)
Age	−0.65 (0.30)*	−0.60 (0.32)	−1.22 (0.37)**	−0.36 (0.38)	0.05 (0.25)	−0.58 (0.32)	0.29 (0.33)	−0.63 (0.32)	0.23 (0.34)	0.86 (0.41)*
Marital status	−0.38 (0.47)	−0.22 (0.52)	−0.50 (0.49)	−1.23 (0.61)*	0.17 (0.37)	−0.11 (0.33)	−0.85 (0.48)	−0.28 (0.39)	−1.01 (0.50)*	−0.73 (0.52)
Service location	−0.98 (0.45)*	−1.34 (0.47)**	−0.87 (0.47)	−1.08 (0.61)	−0.36 (0.34)	0.10 (0.31)	−0.11 (0.52)	−0.47 (0.36)	0.26 (0.54)	−0.21 (0.55)
Workplace	0.26 (0.57)	−1.96 (0.65)**	0.08 (0.58)	−0.71 (0.79)	−2.22 (0.51)***	−0.18 (0.41)	−0.97 (0.69)	2.04 (0.52)***	1.25 (0.76)	−0.79 (0.71)
Overtime hours	−0.24 (0.20)	0.16 (0.22)	−0.48 (0.23)	−0.57 (0.36)	0.41 (0.18)*	−0.23 (0.18)	−0.33 (0.33)	−0.64 (0.21)**	−0.73 (0.34)*	−0.09 (0.35)

Note. Values are estimates from the R3STEP multinomial logistic regression analysis with standard errors in parentheses. Ref = reference profile. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. Positive values indicate greater likelihood of membership in the given profile compared to the reference profile, and negative values indicate greater likelihood of membership in the reference profile compared to the given profile. All significant coefficients are bolded. Sex (0 = male, 1 = female), marital status (0 = unmarried, 1 = married), service location (Ardabil = 0, countryside = 1), workplace (0 = ED nurses, 1 = EMS staff). Profile 1: “high stress with a good understanding of one’s job role,” Profile 2: “moderate stress,” Profile 3: “relatively high stress with average job demands and a very low understanding of one’s job role,” Profile 4: “low stress,” Profile 5: “generally low stress but with very high job demands and relational conflicts.”

ISSN: 1472-6955