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Table 2 Association of the Caring Dimension Inventory Score

From: Gender similarities and differences in the perception of caring among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study

Variables (Reference)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

β (95%CI)

p

β (95%CI)

p

VIF

Socio-demographic characteristics

    

Gender (Male)

     
 

Female

2.24 (0.47, 4.00)

0.013*

1.93 (0.18, 3.67)

0.031*

1.01

Age

 

0.02 (-0.02, 0.06)

0.25

/

Marital status (Single)

    
 

Married

0.76 (0.08, 1.44)

0.03*

0.81 (0.13, 1.49)

0.019*

1.07

 

Other

-0.13 (-2.46, 2.19)

0.91

/

Had one or more children (No)

   
 

Yes

0.60 (-0.06, 1.25)

0.074

/

 

Educational level (Diploma)

    
 

Graduate

0.74 (0.09, 1.39)

0.025*

/

 

Postgraduate

1.21 (-1.30, 3.73)

0.344

/

Profession related characteristics

   

Professional title (Junior)

   
 

Intermediate and senior

0.98 (0.29, 1.68)

0.006*

/

Administrative supervisor (Yes)

   
 

No

-1.72 (-2.72, -0.71)

0.001*

-1.62 (-2.65, -0.59)

0.002*

1.07

Received caring training in college (Yes)

   
 

No

-1.85 (-2.89, -0.82)

< 0.001**

-1.57 (-2.64, -0.51)

0.004*

 
 

Not sure

-4.70 (-6.15, -3.24)

< 0.001**

-3.44 (-4.91, -1.97)

< 0.001**

1.05

Year in nursing profession

0.02 (-0.02, 0.06)

0.353

/

Year in present organization

0.03 (-0.02, 0.07)

0.225

/

The number of caring training in the most recent year

0.68 (0.53, 0.83)

< 0.001**

0.44 (0.29, 0.60)

< 0.001**

1.10

Workplace related characteristics

  

Type of health facility (Hospital)

  
 

Community

-3.67 (-5.75, -1.59)

0.001*

-2.33 (-4.40, -0.25)

0.028*

1.03

Human resource (Enough)

    
 

Barely enough

-1.30 (-2.12, -0.48)

0.002*

-1.06 (-1.87, -0.25)

0.010*

1.57

 

Not enough

-2.97 (-3.80, -2.14)

< 0.001**

-2.38 (-3.21, -1.54)

< 0.001**

1.59

Received caring training provided by employers (Yes)

   
 

No

-4.55 (-5.43, -3.68)

< 0.001**

-3.14 (-4.06, -2.22)

< 0.001**

1.16

 

Not sure

-4.10 (-5.21, -3.00)

< 0.001**

-2.55 (-3.70, -1.41)

< 0.001**

1.11

  1. Notes: /, variable was excluded from the regression model