The mediating effects of self-directed learning ability and critical thinking ability on the relationship between learning engagement and problem-solving ability among nursing students in Southern China: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Standardized direct, indirect, and total effects of each variable in structural equation model

Independent variable	Dependent variable	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect
Learning engagement	Self-directed learning ability	0.817		0.817
Self-directed learning ability	Critical thinking ability	0.527		0.527
Self-directed learning ability	Problem-solving ability	0.136	0.306	0.442
Critical thinking ability	Problem-solving ability	0.581		0.581
Learning engagement	Critical thinking ability		0.431	0.431
Learning engagement	Problem-solving ability		0.361	0.361

ISSN: 1472-6955