Effects of BOPPPS combined with TBL in surgical nursing for nursing undergraduates: a mixed-method study

BMC Nursing

Table 3 Between-and within-group comparisons for mean scores of Autonomous Learning Competencies and its domains (M ± SD)

Independent Learning Ability	Time	Experimental group (n = 36)	Control group (n = 27)	p-value^a	d
Self-management	Before	34.39 ± 3.263	34.33 ± 3.258	0.947	0.018
	After	36.53 ± 3.880	35.33 ± 3.711	0.223	0.316
	p-value^b	< 0.001	0.020	——
	d	0.597	0.286	——
Information management	Before	37.69 ± 4.098	37.67 ± 3.942	0.978	0.005
	After	40.19 ± 5.518	38.56 ± 3.916	0.194	0.341
	p-value^b	0.012	0.090	——
	d	0.514	0.227	——
Learning cooperation	Before	22.53 ± 2.833	22.07 ± 2.303	0.499	0.178
	After	25.67 ± 3.680	22.93 ± 3.327	0.003	0.781
	p-value^b	< 0.001	0.074	——
	d	0.956	0.301	——
Total score	Before	94.61 ± 6.262	94.07 ± 6.610	0.743	0.084
	After	102.39 ± 9.819	96.81 ± 8.562	0.022	0.606
	p-value^b	< 0.001	0.002	——
	d	0.945	0.358	——

ISSN: 1472-6955