Table 4 Modified items after experts review and cognitive interviewing
Source item | Chinese items before experts review and cognitive interviewing | Revised items | Reasons for revision |
|---|---|---|---|
1 Benefits beyond helping patients d The benefits that we have identified are only directly related to helping patients. We have not identified any other benefits that this initiative could bring | 1 该变革除了帮助患者以外, 是否有其他益处 d 我们还未明确变革能够带来的其他益处。 | 1 该变革除了帮助患者以外的益处 d 除了帮助患者以外, 我们还未明确该变革能够带来的其他益处。 | During the evaluation process by the back translation expert committee, the translation team felt that it was possible that the entry already conveyed that the benefits did not include helping patients and avoiding overloading the interviewees with text; option d: only benefits that could identify helping patients were removed However, one respondent in the cognitive interview included the benefit of helping patients when judging the benefit of the change because option d did not mention the changed benefit of helping patients. After discussion by the translation team, it was decided to leave the original scale formulation unchanged to allow respondents to exclude the benefit of helping patients when assessing the number of benefits of the items |
1 Does the change have any other benefits besides helping the patient? d We have not identified any other benefits that this initiative could bring | 1 Does the change have any benefits beyond helping patients? d We can only be sure that the benefits of the change will help patients, and no other benefits have been identified | ||
3 Adaptability of improved process a The improved process can adapt to link in with and even support other organizational changes. It would not be disrupted if specific individuals or groups left the project. Its focus will continue to meet the improvement needs of our organisation | 3 改进流程的适应性 a 改进的流程能适应组织环境, 甚至支持其他组织变革。如果特定的人或小组离开项目, 它不会被中断。它的重心将会继续满足我们组织的改进需求。 | 3 改进流程的适应性 a 改进的流程能适应组织的其他变化, 甚至支持它, 如果特定的人或小组离开该变革项目, 流程不会被中断。流程的重心将会不断地满足我们组织的改进需求。 | change can be translated as “变革” and “变化”. “变革” in Chinese tends to be understood as organisational innovation, such as a quality improvement project. "变化” in Chinese refers to "any change in the organisation", such as organisational structure and staff changes. After communicating the issue to the original authors of the NHS SM, we decided to translate the "change" into "变化” Moreover, It has been pointed out that "other organisational changes” can not only refer to “other changes in the organisation”(组织的其他变革) but can also be understood as "changes in another organisation” (其他组织的变革). For further clarification, we decided to translate “other organisational change” (其他组织变革) as “other changes in the organisation” (组织的其他变化) |
3.Adaptability of improved processes a. Improved processes can adapt to the organisational environment and even facilitate other changes. If a specific individual or group leaves the project, the project will not be interrupted. The focus of this work remains on meeting the organisation's improvement needs | 3 Adaptability of improved processes a. mproved processes can be adapted to the organisational changes and even facilitate them. If a particular individual or group leaves the project, the project will not be interrupted. The focus of this work will continue to meet our organisational needs for improvement | ||
4 Effectiveness of the system to monitor progress a There is a system in place to provide evidence of impact, including benefits analysis, monitor progress and communicate the results. This is set up to continue beyond the formal life of the project | 4 监测进展的系统是否有效 a有一个能反馈变革所带来影响的系统, 包括效益分析、监测进展并传播结果。该系统是为了项目在正式结束后能够继续实施而设置的。 | 4 监测体系的有效性 a 有一个能反馈变革影响的体系, 它包括效益分析、监测进展和传播结果。该体系是为了项目在正式结束后能够继续实施而建立的。 | One respondent indicated that “monitoring systems” (监测系统) can also be understood in Chinese as “electronic monitoring applications”, although this understanding did not affect the respondent's answer model. However, for further clarification, we decided to replace “监测系统” with “监测体系”, although they can both be translated as monitoring systems in English, "体系” in Chinese does not include intelligent electronic monitoring applications but refers to different things linked together to form a whole Given that the options in item 4 and the description of the question have a role in explaining this monitoring system, such as "monitoring progress", we have removed "progress (进展)” from the title of item 4 |
4 Is the system for monitoring progress effective? a there is a system for feedback on the impact of change, including benefit analysis, monitoring progress and disseminating results. The system is set up so that the project can continue after its official conclusion | 4 Effectiveness of the monitoring system a There is a system for feedback on the impact of change, including benefit analysis, monitoring progress and dissemination of results. The system is designed to enable the project to continue after its formal closure | ||
5 Staff involvement and training to sustain the process a Staff have been involved from the beginning of the change process. They have helped to identify any skill gaps and have been able to access training and development so that they are confident and competent in the new way of working | 5 员工是否参与并接受了培训以维持变革 a 员工从变革开始就参与其中, 他们帮助识别所有的技能差距, 并且能够获得培训和成长, 因此他们充满信心并能够胜任新的工作方式。 | 5 员工参与和接受了培训以维持变革 a 员工从变革的初始阶段就参与其中。他们帮助识别任何技能差距, 并且能够获得培训和成长, 因此他们对新的工作方式充满信心并能够胜任它。 | Some respondents interpreted "being involved from the beginning of change” (从变革一开始) as being involved at the beginning of the implementation of change, excluding the innovation and design phases of change. Therefore, we decided to replace “being involved from the start of the change”(从变革一开始) with “the initial stages of the change” (从变革的初始阶段).“从变革的初始阶段” in Chinese there is more emphasis on involvement from the beginning of the project rather than during the implementation phase of the project |
5 Staff are engaged and trained to sustain change a Employees are involved from the beginning of the change, they help identify all skills gaps, and are able to train and grow so they feel confident and competent in the new way of working | 5 Staff are engaged and trained to sustain change a Staff are involved from the initial stages of the change. They help identify any skills gaps and have access to training and growth so they are confident in the new way of working and competent to do it | ||
7 Senior leadership engagement and support | 7 高级领导的参与和支持Involvement and support of senior leadership | 7 组织高层领导的参与和支持Involvement and support of senior leadership of the organisation | Two respondents equated senior leadership with clinical leadership. For further clarification, we decided to replace senior leadership (高级领导)with senior leadership of the organisation (组织高层领导). 高级领导 and 高层领导 mean the same thing in Chinese, but senior leader is used more frequently in Chinese. Adding organisation (组织) can emphasise that it is the leader of the whole work unit rather than the department |
9 Fit with the organisation’s strategic aims and culture a The goals of the change are clear and have been shared widely. They are consistent with and support the organisation’s strategic aims for improvement. The organisation has demonstrated successful sustainability of improvements before and has a ‘can do’ culture | 9变革是否与组织的战略目标和文化相符 a 变革的目标明确, 并得到了广泛的认同。它们与该组织改进的战略目标一致并能够支持该战略目标。该组织之前已成功证明了改进的可持续性, 并且有一种 “能做”的文化 | 9与组织的战略目标和文化相符 a变革的目标明确, 并得到了普遍认同。它们与组织为了改进的战略目标一致并能够支持该目标。该组织之前有成功维持过变革, 并且有一种 “能做”的文化。 | One respondent interpreted improvement (改进)as an improvement project undertaken by the project leader. For further clarification, we reviewed improvement (改进) to change (变革), emphasising that the organisation has a history of successfully sustaining change rather than improvement projects undertaken by project leaders that have previously been successfully sustaining the organisation |
9. Alignment of change with the strategic objectives and culture of the organization a The goal of the change is clear and widely recognised. They align with and support the organisation's improved strategic objectives. The organisation has successfully demonstrated the sustainability of improvements before and has a "can-do" culture | 9. Alignment with the strategic objectives and culture of the organization a The goal of the change is clear and widely recognised. They are aligned with and can support the organisation's strategic goal of improvement. The organisation has had previous success in sustaining change and has a "can do" culture | ||
10 Infrastructure a Staff are confident and trained in the new way of working. Job descriptions, policies and procedures reflect the new process and communication systems are in place. Facilities and equipment are all appropriate to sustain the new process | 10 基础设施 a 员工对新的工作方式充满信心, 并接受了培训。工作说明、政策和程序能够体现出新的工作流程, 且沟通系统已就位。设施和设备都适合维持新的工作流程。 | 10 基础建设 a 员工对新的工作方式充满信心并且接受了培训。工作说明、政策和流程能够体现新的工作方式, 且沟通系统已就位; 设施和设备都适合维持新的变革。 | Most respondents tended to understand “infrastructure” (基础设施) as a hardware facility, although the descriptions in the options could help them understand it as both soft and hard facilities. And one respondent indicated that infrastructure (基础建设) was more easily understood; therefore, for further clarification, we decided to use "infrastructure" (基础建设) instead of “infrastructure” (基础设施) Similar to the system, some respondents thought that the "procedure" (程序) could also be understood as an electronic application in Chinese, and for further clarification, we decided to modify “procedure” (程序) to “processes” (流程). To avoid duplication and misunderstanding of "processes" (流程) and “new processes" (流程). We have translated “process” into “change” (变革) based on the fact that the “new process” in NHS SM means “change” |
10 Infrastructure a Staff are confident and trained in new ways of working. Job descriptions, policies and procedures that reflect new workflows and communication systems are in place. Facilities and equipment are suitable for maintaining new processes | 10 Infrastructure a Staff are confident and trained in new ways of working. Job descriptions, policies and processes that reflect new workflows and communication systems are in place. Facilities and equipment are suitable for maintaining new change |