Table 2 Measurement tools and main findings of included studies

Alshehry

(2022)

Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS)

- Healthcare Conflict Scale (HCS)

“Mistrust of motivations” showed the most conflict, while “contradictory communication” was regarded as the least. There was a considerable disparity between the perceived conflict and the various hospital units where nurses worked. “Communicating effectively” had the greatest patient safety competence, while “working in teams with other health professionals” had the lowest safety competence. Nurses who experienced “mistrust of motivations” and “contradictory communication” had lower self-reported patient safety competence.

Connell et al.

(2021)

- Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)

- Safety Climate Survey (SCS)

Nurses rated the organization’s commitment to patient safety higher than doctors in all remaining attitudinal domains. Nurses and doctors acknowledge that fatigue, increased workload and stress recognition negatively impacts upon patient safety.

(Halabi et al., 2021)

Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) scale short version

There were significant relationships between self-reported professional competence and the quality of nursing care, patient safety, nurse’s characteristics, and experience. The study assessed the RNs’ professional competence related to their work in different clinical areas. The highest scored area of competence was Nursing Care, and Value-based while the lowest scored areas were Care Pedagogics, Development, Leadership and Organization of Nursing Care.

(Han & Roh, 2020)

- Brief- TeamSTEPPSTM Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire

- Psychological Safety Subscale of the Team Survey Scale

The patient safety competency affected significantly by situation monitoring, reporting of patient safety adverse events, frequen-cy of night shifts, and psychological safety.

(Han et al., 2020)

- Patient Safety Competency Self-Evaluation Tool

- Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS)

Patient safety dimension of openness in communication scored high in the study and was significantly correlated with decreased rates pressure sore and falling down also the dimension of team work in patient safety competency were significantly was significantly associated with decrease in in ventilator-associated pneumonia.

(Kakemam et al., 2021)

- Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)

- Adverse event evaluation report

Nurses’ perception regarding patient safety culture was low and the perceived occurrence of adverse events was high. Higher level of nurses’ perception of patient safety culture was associated with lowered occurrence of adverse events.

(Khamaiseh et al., 2020)

- Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ – Short Form)

The six safety culture domains had an average positive response percentage that ranged from 58.54–75.63%. Job satisfaction had the greatest average positive response rate, while management perspectives had the lowest.

(Letourneau & McCurry, 2019)

The Nursing Quality and Safety Self-

Inventory (NQSSI)

The Nursing Quality and Safety Self-Inventory was a valid and reliable instrument for measuring changes in quality and safety competence in newly licensed registered nurses NLRN and the transition to practice programs TPPs were effective to advance trust in quality and safety competencies

(Lousada et al., 2020)

- Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)

Among the participants, being male and had clinical experience of three to four years highly scored on Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork Climate. The dimension of Perception of management and Working conditions had the lowest scores.

Mahsoon and Dolansky (2021)

- Nurses’ Attitudes and Skills Safety scale (NASUS)

- Patient safety attitudes, skills, and knowledge

(PS-ASK) scale

- The hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC)

- Safety performance (self-reports)

- Systems thinking scale (STS)

The safety competency subscales of skill knowledge and attitude showed acceptable internal consistency and reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.80 or greater. Safety competence was predicted by systems thinking. The baccalaureate educational level, completion of safety training and the safety culture item of ‘Mistakes have led to positive changes here’ were predictive of the skill subscale.

(Najjar et al., 2018)

Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)

The results showed that HSOPSC was a valid tool to assess patient safety culture. The dimension of non-punitive response to error had no association with any of the outcome measures in Belgium.

The overall perception of safety was highly predicted by hospital management support in Palestine and by staffing in Belgium while the number of events was largely predicted by feedback and communication in both countries.

(Peñataro-Pintado et al., 2022)

Questionnaire of Perioperative Nursing Safety Competencies (Spanish acronym is CUCEQS© questionnaire)

The study showed that Perioperative Nursing Safety Competencies instruments CUCEQS© was a valid tool for measuring the perceived level of competency by the perioperative nurses in surgical patient safety.

(Son et al., 2019)

- Health Professional Education in PS Survey

- Adverse Nurse Outcomes

In this study, the patient safety competencies had inverse relationship with the increase in working hours and were significantly associated with adverse nurse events specially having more than 40 working hours.

(Yan et al., 2021)

Patient Safety Competency Nurse Evaluation Scale (PSCNES)

The overall patient safety culture score among associated degrees nurses in the study was moderate. The highest scores were achieved for the dimensions of clinical practice and safety risk management and the domains of patient safety culture and patient-centered care scored low. Nurses who attended the patient safety based training scored higher in all patient safety culture than nurses who did not attend.