Table 4 Association between sociodemographic, economic, and academic variables of the students with state and trait resilience scores

Gender

 Male

146

50.3

71.5

7.7

0.737

61.9

7.0

0.042

133.4

13.1

0.392

 Female

144

49.7

71.2

7.4

63.5

6.2

134.7

12.5

Age (years)

 ≥ 20

109

37.6

71.1

7.0

0.554

63.4

6.8

0.159

134.4

12.6

0.701

 < 20

181

62.4

71.6

7.9

62.2

6.6

133.8

13.0

Smoking status

 Smoker

59

20.3

72.3

8.1

0.307

63.1

7.4

0.619

135.3

14.1

0.390

 Nonsmoker

231

79.7

71.2

7.4

62.6

6.5

133.7

12.5

Place where the student was born and raised

 Occupied Palestinian territories

214

73.8

70.2

7.6

 < 0.001

61.8

6.5

 < 0.001

132.0

12.6

 < 0.001

 Palestinians living in Israeli areas

76

26.2

74.7

6.3

65.1

6.6

139.9

11.5

Living area

 Urban

73

25.2

72.2

7.7

0.280

64.7

6.1

0.003

136.9

12.2

0.028

 Rural

217

74.8

71.1

7.5

62.0

6.7

133.1

12.9

Need to commute to the university

 Yes

154

53.1

70.9

7.6

0.265

61.7

6.5

0.009

132.6

12.7

0.044

 No

136

46.9

71.9

7.5

63.8

6.7

135.7

12.8

Living in a dormitory/residence

 Yes

136

46.9

72.1

7.2

0.113

63.7

6.7

0.013

135.8

12.5

0.026

 No

154

53.1

70.7

7.8

61.8

6.5

132.5

12.9

Divorced/separated parents

 Yes

11

3.8

68.5

7.7

0.188

61.5

8.6

0.571

130.0

16.0

0.285

 No

279

96.2

71.5

7.5

62.7

6.6

134.2

12.7

Parents' level of education

 School

208

71.7

70.8

7.3

0.028

62.6

6.8

0.900

133.4

12.8

0.175

 University

82

28.3

72.9

7.9

62.7

6.4

135.7

12.8

Lived in a family-owned house/rented house

 Family-owned house

273

94.1

71.4

7.5

0.851

62.6

6.6

0.802

134.1

12.7

0.984

 Rented house

17

5.9

71.1

8.4

63.1

7.9

134.1

15.1

The house had enough rooms per number of siblings

 No

170

58.6

70.3

7.6

0.003

62.1

6.6

0.067

132.3

12.9

0.007

 Yes

120

41.4

73.0

7.1

63.5

6.6

136.5

12.4

Household income

 Enough to cover everyday living expenses

208

71.7

70.8

7.6

0.020

62.1

6.7

0.018

132.8

13.1

0.009

 Able to make some savings

82

28.3

73.0

7.2

64.1

6.2

137.2

11.5

Worked a part-time job

 Yes

55

19.0

72.6

7.6

0.174

63.3

6.6

0.401

136.0

12.9

0.216

 No

235

81.0

71.1

7.5

62.5

6.7

133.6

12.8

Presence of a chronic disease

 Yes

15

5.2

67.6

11.1

0.045

60.7

8.0

0.233

128.3

17.2

0.072

 No

275

94.8

71.6

7.3

62.8

6.6

134.4

12.5

Experience addiction issue

 Yes

10

3.4

75.9

7.2

0.054

64.9

7.6

0.281

140.8

12.3

0.090

 No

280

96.6

71.2

7.5

62.6

6.6

133.8

12.8

Academic year

 First-year

124

42.8

72.4

7.1

0.047

65.1

6.3

 < 0.001

137.5

12.2

 < 0.001

 Second year and beyond

166

57.2

70.6

7.8

60.9

6.4

131.5

12.7

Grade point average (GPA)

 ≥ 2

112

38.6

70.8

7.2

0.291

63.0

7.3

0.454

133.8

13.6

0.817

 < 2

178

61.4

71.8

7.7

62.4

6.2

134.2

12.3

Study routine

 Every day

108

37.2

73.2

7.5

0.001

64.0

6.5

0.010

137.2

12.8

0.010

 Not every day

182

62.8

70.3

7.4

61.9

6.7

132.2

12.5

Number of hours of social media connection per day

 ≥ 9

267

92.1

71.6

7.5

0.166

62.6

6.7

0.633

134.2

12.9

0.572

 < 9

23

7.9

69.3

8.2

63.3

6.6

132.6

12.3