Table 1 The relationship between participants’ demographic characteristics and clinical competency (before and during the COVID-19)
From: Nurses’ clinical competency and its correlates: before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
Group | Before COVID-19 (n = 260) | During COVID-19 (n = 246) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Frequency (Valid percent) | Clinical competency | Frequency (Valid percent) | Clinical competency | ||
Mean (SD) | Statistical test/P value | Mean (SD) | Statistical test/P value | |||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 46 (17.7) | 155.28 (28.89) | t = -0.40 (0.68) | 80 (32.5) | 158.00 (30.09) | t = -1.37 (0.17) |
Female | 214 (82.3) | 157.34 (31.97) | 166 (67.5) | 163.88 (32.15) | ||
Age (yr.) | ||||||
≤ 30 | 99 (38.1) | 154.22 (33.60) | t = -1.11 (0.26) | 73 (29.7) | 156.08 (26.98) | t = -2.07 (0.04) |
> 30 | 161 (61.9) | 158.67 (29.95) | 173 (70.3) | 164.45 (33.06) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 221 (85.0) | 156.43 (34.68) | t = -0.11 (0.90) | 183 (74.4) | 155.85 (28.43) | t = -1.79 (0.07) |
Unmarried/other | 39 (15.0) | 157.07 (30.87) | 63 (25.6) | 164.07 (32.37) | ||
Education level | ||||||
Bachelor | 235 (90.4) | 157.39 (31.23) | t = 0.65 (0.51) | 211 (85.8) | 161.32 (31.72) | t = -0.79 (0.42) |
Masters | 25 (9.6) | 153.08 (33.40) | 35 (14.2) | 165.88 (30.73) | ||
Type of employment | ||||||
Hired | 157 (60.3) | 157.68 (30.38) | 134 (54.5) | 163.38 (33.39) | F = 0.32 (0.73) | |
Contract recruitersa | 68 (26.2) | 159.07 (33.09) | H = 1.87 (0.39) | 87 (35.4) | 160.08 (30.20) | |
Committedb | 35 (13.5) | 149.71 (32.46) | 25 (10.2) | 160.96 (26.34) | ||
Income (Million Toman) | ||||||
< 4 | 105 (40.4) | 153.93 (34.75) | F = 1.10 (0.33) | 16 (6.5) | 171.37 (23.43) | F = 0.78 (0.46) |
4 – 7 | 136 (52.3) | 158.33 (28.27) | 77 (31.3) | 160.70 (31.97) | ||
> 7 | 19 (7.3) | 164.05 (33.15) | 153 (62.2) | 161.62 (32.09) | ||
Work experience (yr.) | ||||||
< 5 | 75 (28.8) | 156.17 (33.93) | F = 2.11 (0.09) | 65 (26.4) | 161.76 (27.00) | F = 3.32 (0.02) |
5 -10 | 122 (46.9) | 153.22 (30.05) | 63 (25.6) | 153.92 (30.15) | ||
11 – 15 | 35 (13.5) | 163.74 (29.39) | 63 (25.6) | 161.46 (35.16) | ||
> 15 | 28 (10.8) | 167.00 (30.68) | 55 (22.4) | 172.01 (31.83) | ||
Shift type | ||||||
Fixed | 24 (9.2) | 168.50 (30.53) | t = 1.89 (0.05) | 43 (17.5) | 160.79 (35.35) | t = -0.27 (0.78) |
Rotating | 236 (90.8) | 155.80 (31.31) | 203 (82.5) | 162.22 (30.78) | ||
Ward | ||||||
Critical/intensive | 73 (28.1) | 158.35 (30.23) | H = 2.18 (0.33) | 56 (22.8) | 165.32 (29.64) | H = 0.92 (0.63) |
Emergency | 146 (56.1) | 158.13 (32.22) | 155 (63.0) | 161.66 (31.92) | ||
Medical | 41 (15.8) | 150.41 (30.40) | 35 (14.2) | 157.97 (33.23) | ||
Overtime (h) | ||||||
0 – 30 | 24 (9.2) | 162.83 (29.82) | F = 1.21 (0.30) | 33 (13.4) | 156.78 (28.09) | F = 1.09 (0.35) |
31 – 60 | 59 (22.7) | 158.20 (31.38) | 95 (38.7) | 163.62 (32.34) | ||
61 – 90 | 142 (54.6) | 157.60 (31.96) | 81 (32.9) | 159.22 (32.13) | ||
> 90 | 35 (13.5) | 148.34 (29.82) | 37 (15.0) | 168.37 (31.01) | ||
Illness | ||||||
Yes | 41 (15.8) | 162.46 (32.97) | t = 1.22 (0.22) | 48 (19.5) | 159.75 (32.67) | t = -0.54 (0.58) |
No | 73 (84.2) | 155.94 (31.07) | 198 (80.5) | 162.51 (31.34) | ||