Table 1 Critical reflection for evaluation of the model (Chinn & Kramer, 2018)

How clear is this model?

For clarity, the model must comply with four criteria, namely: semantic clarity, semantic consistency, structural clarity and structural consistency. Thus this question addresses the clarity and consistency of the model from both semantic and structural perspectives.

How simple is the model?

This question addresses the structural components and relationships within the model. It can include complexity referring to numerous components in the model, and simplicity implying fewer relational components.

How general is this model?

This question addresses the purpose and the scope of experiences covered by the model. Generality refers to a wide scope of phenomena whereas specificity narrows the range of events.

How accessible is the model?

This question addresses the extent to which concepts within the model are grounded in empirically identifiable phenomena.

How important is the model?

This question addresses the extent to which the model leads to valued nursing goals in practice, research and education.