Table 3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for nurse educators and nursing students

Nurse educators as participants in online semi-structured focus group interviews

Inclusion criteria

Rationale

• Participants must have at least 2 years of experience as nurse educators in accredited NEIs.

• Both presence and reflective practices require expertise and in-depth practice; it is an art that needs to be developed over time.

• Participants must be involved in teaching and learning of nursing students enrolled in the 4-year undergraduate nursing programme.

• The nurse educator is responsible for teaching undergraduate nursing students who are the future professional nurses entering their nursing career as competent, reflective practitioners being present during nursing care.

• Participants must be proficient in English.

• Data collection was conducted in English.

Exclusion criteria

Rationale

• Participants who are only involved in teaching and learning of the postgraduate nursing programme.

• Postgraduate programme involves students who are registered nurses and already supposed to practice presence.

• Participants involved in research and who have no teaching responsibilities.

• These participants function in research positions and are not involved in teaching and learning.

• Participants involved in management, e.g., the Director of the Nursing School at the University and the Principal of the Nursing College.

• These participants are in managerial positions and not involved in teaching and learning.

Nursing students as participants in virtual World café sessions

Inclusion criteria

Rationale

• Participants must be nursing students in their 4th year of training in the 4-year undergraduate nursing programme by the time data collection takes place.

• These participants will have gained the relevant and needed experience of being taught by a nurse educator during the previous 3 years and could provide more in-depth information.

• Participants must be proficient in English.

• Data collection was conducted in English.

Exclusion criteria

Rationale

• Participants who are enrolled in the 4-year undergraduate nursing programme and in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of training by the time data is collected.

• These participants will possibly not have the necessary experience to inform the purpose of the study.