Stage | Before the education M ± SD | immediately after the education M ± SD | one month after the education M ± SD | F | P -value (repeated measures ANOVA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | |||||
Flipped classroom | 7.48 ± 1.95 | 9.29 ± 1.73 | 9.21 ± 1.70 | 33.21 | 0.001 |
Lecturing | 7.38 ± 1.55 | 8.216 ± 1.75 | 8.17 ± 1.78 | 10.47 | 0.001 |
T | 0.26 | 2.672 | 1.86 | ||
P –value (independent t-test) | 0.793 | 0.001 | 0.066 |