Stage | Before the education M ± SD | immediately after the education M ± SD | one month after the education M ± SD | F | P -value (repeated measures ANOVA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | |||||
Flipped classroom | 129.89 ± 14.824 | 136.68 ± 14.277 | 140.27 ± 11.744 | 36.86 | 0.001 |
Lecturing | 128.41 ± 14.380 | 132.24 ± 13.115 | 132.84 ± 10.817 | 10.119 | 0.001 |
T | 0.438 | 1.391 | 2.831 | ||
P –value (independent t-test) | 0.663 | 0.169 | 0.006 |