Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

A.Murtezani, 2014

Kosovo

73 / 62

EG: 53.00(11.00);

CG: 51.00(11.00)

Breast cancer

I - III

Supervised; Aerobic; 3 times per week; NA

Usual care

10-week

B.R. Villumsen, 2019

Denmark

46 / 41

EG: 67.60(4.60);

CG: 69.80(4.40)

Prostate cancer

Locally advanced or advanced stage disease

Home-based; Mixed; 4 times per week; 90 min

Usual care; each

patient kept a diary of his self-reported exercise

12-week

C.C.Henke, 2014

Germany

43 / 29

older than 18 years

Lung cancer patients (non-small cell lung cancer or small

cell lung cancer

III - IV

Supervised; Mixed; The endurance training:5 days a week/The strength training: every other day of the week; NA

Conventional care; only conventional physiotherapy

64-week

C.J.Taso, 2014

China

60 / 60

Total: 49.27(10.23)

Nonmetastatic breast cancer

I - III

NA; Mixed; 2 times per week; 60 min

Standard care; maintained an ordinary daily activity routine

8-week

C.L.Hwang, 2012

China

24 / 24

EG: 61.00(6.30);

CG: 58.50(8.20)

Non-small cell lung cancer

III - IV

Supervised; Aerobic; 3 times per week; 30–40 min

Usual care, general patient education, and social phone calls every 2–3 weeks, without supervised exercise intervention

8-week

C.M. Donnelly, 2011

UK

33 / 29

EG: 53.50(8.70);

CG: 52.10(11.80)

Gynaecological

cancer survivors

I - III

Home-based; Mixed; 5 days per week; 30 min

Standard care; weekly telephone calls for the duration of the intervention

12-week

C.Saraboon, 2021

Thailand

30 / 26

EG: 45.07 (3.88);

CG: 45.53 (4.64)

NA

No reported

Supervised; Mixed; 2 times per week; 60 min

Conventional care

6-week

D.Reis, 2013

USA

41 / 29

EG: 54.00(11.10);

CG: 59.00(10.70)

Breast cancer

I - III

NA; Mixed; 3 times per week; 20-60 min

Usual care,continue normal activities

12-week

D.W.Kang, 2022

Canada

52 / 50

Total: 63.40(7.10)

Prostate cancer

No reported

Supervised; Aerobic; 3 times per week; NA

Usual care

12-week

F.Shobeiri, 2016

Iran

60 / 53

EG: 42.70(9.60);

CG: 43.50(8.60)

Breast cancer

I - II

Supervised; Aerobic; 2 times per week; 40-60 min

Usual care

10-week

J.F. Christensen, 2019

Denmark

39 / 34

EG: 57.80(10.40);

CG: 60.30 (8.90)

Colorectal cancer

I - III

Home-based; Aerobic; At least 1 per 3 weeks; 150 min

Usual care

12-week

J.H.Hwang, 2008

Korea

40 / 37

EG: 46.30(7.50);

CG: 46.30(9.50)

Breast cancer

No reported

Supervised; Mixed; 3 times per week; 50 min

Self-shoulder

stretching exercise

5-week

J.M.Broderick, 2013

Ireland

43 / 40

EG: 52.30(8.30);

CG: 51.20(10.30)

All types of cancer

I - III

Supervised; Aerobic; 2 times per week; 45 min

Usual care; maintain habitual

levels of activity

8-week

J.Y. Kim, 2019

Korea

71 / 58

Total: 56.80(10.20)

Colorectal cancer

II - III

Home-based; Aerobic and resistance exercises; the first 6 weeks:18 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours per week/After 6 weeks:27 MET-hours per week; 30 min

Usual care; continue with their usual activities or exercises

12-week

K.A.Nyrop, 2017

USA

78 / 62

age 21 or older

Breast cancer

I - IV

NA; Aerobic; at least 150 min per week; NA

Wait List Control

6-week

K.Gokal, 2016

UK

50 / 50

EG: 52.08(11.70);

CG: 52.36(8.90)

Breast cancer

I - III

Home-based; Aerobic; 5 times per week; 30 min

Usual care

12-week

K.S. Courneya 2003

Canada

53 / 52

EG: 59.00(5.00);

CG: 58.00(6.00)

Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

I - III

Supervised; Resistance; 3 times per week; began at 15 min for weeks 1 through 3, and then systematically increased by 5 min every 3 weeks thereafter to 35 min for weeks 13 through 15

Usual care; Usual care; Not training and not being asked to start an structured exercise program

15-week

K.S.Courneya, 2007-AET

Canada

158 / 128

mean 49 years

Breast cancer

I - II

Supervised; Aerobic; 3 times per week; 60 min

Usual care; do not start an exercise training program during chemotherapy

24-week

K.S.Courneya, 2007-RET

Canada

162 / 133

mean 49 years

Breast cancer

I - II

Supervised; Resistance; 3 times per week; two sets of 8 to 12 repetitions

Usual care; do not start an exercise training program during chemotherapy

24-week

K.S.Courneya, 2009

Canada

122 / 117

EG: 52.80(14.75);

CG: 53.50(15.5)

Lymphoma

I - IV

Supervised; Aerobic; 3 times per week; Duration began 15 to

20 min for the first 4weeks and increased by 5 min per week to 40 to 45 min in the ninth week

Usual care; no increase in exercise

12-week

L.Bourke, 2018

UK

50 / 46

EG: 68.00 (6.00);

CG: 67.00 (9.00)

Localised prostate

Cancer

I - II

Supervised; Aerobic; 150 min per week; NA

Usual care

48-week

M.L.McNeely, 2008

Canada

52 / 52

EG: 53.00(11.00);

CG: 57.00(8.25)

Head and Neck Cancer

I - IV

Supervised; Mixed; a minimum of 2 times per week; NA

A standardized

therapeutic exercise protocol (TP)(the current standard of care)

12-week

S.B.Santagnello, 2020

Brazil

26 / 20

EG: 52.10(10.10);

CG: 59.00(9.20)

Breast cancer

I - III

Supervised; Resistance; 3 times per week on non-consecutive days; between 8 and 12 repetitions per set

Only stretching exercises twice a week

12-week

S.C.Adams, 2018

Canada

63 / 62

EG: 44.00(11.60),

CG: 43.30(9.90)

Testicular cancer survivors

I - IV

Supervised; Mixed; 3 times per week; 35 min

Usual care

12-week

S.Cataldi, 2019

Italy

20 / 20

EG: 53.30(19.20);

CG: 52.00(15.70)

All types of cancer

No reported

Supervised; Resistance; 2 times per week; 60 min

Wait List Control

8-week

S.Mijwel, 2019

Sweden

132 / 117

EG: 54.40(10.30);

CG: 52.60(10.20)

Breast cancer

I - III

Supervised; Aerobic; 2 times per week; 60 min

Usual care

16-week

T.R.S.Paulo, 2019

Brazil

36 / 29

EG: 63.20(7.10);

CG: 66.60(9.60)

Older breast cancer

I - III

Supervised; Aerobic and resistance exercises; 3 times per week; 40 min

Participate in stretching and relaxation exercises, 2 times per week, with 45

 min session durations, for 9 months, and the exercises were active, lasting 10–15 s each

36-week

W.Ndjavera, 2020

UK

50 / 50

EG: 71.40(5.40);

CG: 72.50(4.20)

Prostate cancer

Locally advanced、Metastatic

Supervised; Aerobic and resistance exercises; 2 times per week; 60 min

Usual care; did not receive any supervised exercise or specific physical activity recommendations

12-week

W.Zhou, 2018

China

114 / 83

18 year ≤ age ≤ 70 yr

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

III - IV

Supervised; Aerobic; 5 times per week; 60 min

Usual care

80-week