Table 5 Preventative nursing interventions by subgroups; frequencies, percentages, and p-value of the Chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test
Preventive interventions n (%) | High PI risk (n = 530) n (%) | Low PI-risk (n = 1248) n (%) | χ2 -value (df) | p-value | Patient with PI, all grades (n = 747) n (%) | Patient without PI (n = 5155) n (%) | χ2 -value (df) | p-value | Wheelchear or bedridden (n = 905) n (%) | Independent or needs assistance to move (n = 4986) n (%) | χ2 -value (df) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Repositioning | ||||||||||||
Yes | 66 (12.9) | 170 (14.1) | 8.50 (2) | 0.01a | 214 (30.2) | 506 (10.2) | 301.89 (2) | < 0.01 | 469 (55.1) | 249 (5.2) | 1680.77 (2) | < 0.01a |
No | 60 (11.7) | 203 (16.8) | 176 (24.9) | 776 (15.6) | 149 (17.5) | 801 (16.7) | ||||||
Unnecessary for the patient | 387 (75.4) | 836 (69.1) | 318 (44.9) | 3677 (74.2) | 233 (27.4) | 3746 (78.1) | ||||||
Total | 513 (100.0) | 1209 (100.0) | 708 (100.0) | 4959 (100.0) | 851 (100.0) | 4796 (100.0) | ||||||
Support surface | ||||||||||||
Hospital basic bed foam mattress | 320 (61.5) | 633 (51.4) | 23.79 (2) | < 0.01a | 298 (41.3) | 2761 (55.2) | 152.67 (2) | < 0.01 | 340 (38.3) | 2704 (56.1) | 580.39 (2) | < 0.01a |
Reactive support surface / mattress | 159 (30.6) | 528 (42.9) | 315 (43.6) | 2026 (40.5) | 345 (38.9) | 1990 (41.3) | ||||||
Active support surface / mattress | 41 (7.9) | 70 (5.7) | 109 (15.1) | 217 (4.3) | 202 (22.8) | 124 (2.6) | ||||||
Total | 520 (100.0) | 1231 (100.0) | 722 (100.0) | 5004 (100.0) | 887 (100.0) | 4818 (100.0) | ||||||
Preventive skin care | ||||||||||||
No need | 236 (81.9) | 477 (80.7) | 0.56 (2) | 0.76a | 161 (41.9) | 2112 (88.0) | 507.01 (2) | < 0.01 | 228 (47.2) | 2038 (88.9) | 464.03 (2) | < 0.01a |
Dressings. e.g., foams, films, hydrocolloids | 25 (8.7) | 49 (8.3) | 105 (27.4) | 83 (3.5) | 91 (18.8) | 97 (4.2) | ||||||
Heel protector devices, dressings, other pads | 27 (9.4) | 65 (11.0) | 118 (30.7) | 204 (8.5) | 164 (34.0) | 157 (6.9) | ||||||
Total | 288 (100.0) | 591 (100.0) | 384 (100.0) | 2399 (100.0) | 483 (100.0) | 2292 (100.0) | ||||||
Assessment of malnutrition risk | ||||||||||||
Yes | 206 (40.5) | 346 (29.0) | < 0.01b | 57 (66.3) | 301 (33.5) | < 0.01 | 178 (20.7) | 924 (19.9) | 0.56b | |||
No | 303 (59.5) | 849 (71.0) | 29 (33.7) | 597 (66.5) | 680 (79.3) | 3726 (80.1) | ||||||
Total | 509 (100.0) | 1195 (100.0) | 86 (100.0) | 898 (100.0) | 858 (100.0) | 4650 (100.0) | ||||||
Nutrition care | ||||||||||||
Oral nutrition with hospital food or enteral feeding | 376 (82.8) | 890 (82.5) | 0.03 | 0.87b | 441 (69.9) | 3527 (85.7) | 99.93 | < 0.01 | 530 (70.4) | 3422 (86.1) | 113.38 | < 0.01b |
Oral nutrition supplements, energy-dense nutrition or enteral feeding or parenteral nutrition | 78 (17.2) | 189 (17.5) | 190 (30.1) | 588 (14.3) | 223 (29.6) | 554 (13.9) | ||||||
Total | 454 (100.0) | 1079 (100.0) | 631 (100.0) | 4115 (100.0) | 753 (100.0) | 3976 (100.0) |