Table 3 The themes and content of the cancer pain belief modification program

1 Establish cancer pain files

1.1 Establish contact with study participants and assist patients/families to join the cancer pain management group WeChat group

1.2 Distribute and instruct patients in the use of pain management knowledge booklets

1.3 Fill out an oral cancer pain file

Day 1 of admission; 1–1.5 h

2 Understanding pain to avoid cognitive misunderstanding

2.1 Carry out health education on oral cancer pain

2.1.1 characteristics of oral cancer pain 2.1.2 effects of oral cancer pain

2.1.3 Clinical management of oral cancer pain

2.2 Focus on pain automatic thinking

2.2.1 pain automatic thinking definition

2.2.2 common pain automatic thinking (for example, pain is caused by a tumor, if the tumor is removed, there will be no more pain. Pain makes you irritable)

2.2.3 through communication to understand the patient's pain automatic thinking, health education for misunderstandings

2.3 focus on pain beliefs

2.3.1 pain beliefs define

2.3.2 common pain perceptions (such as: fatalism. Persistent pain can affect physical functioning, family roles

2.3.3 Correlation between pain beliefs and pain levels (for example, negative pain beliefs will increase pain levels)

2.3.4 understand patients' pain beliefs through communication and carry out health education for misunderstandings

Day 2 of admission; 1–1.5 h

3 Rational views of analgesics

3.1 Carry out health education on drug analgesia

3.1.1 commonly used analgesics for oral cancer

3.1.2 adverse reactions of common analgesics

Day 3 of admission; 1–1.5 h

4 Accept pain

4.1 Introduce the non-drug analgesia method of accepting pain to the patient and implement it on the spot to understand the patient's feeling after practice

4.1.1 Metaphor (Day 4)

4.1.2 Mindfulness breathing (Day 4)

4.1.3 Body scan (Day 5)

4.1.4 Mindfulness meditation (Day 6)

4.1.5 Music Therapy (Day 6)

4.1.6 Progressive muscle relaxation training (Day 7)

4.2 Encourage patients to keep practicing during the recovery period

Day 4–7 of admission; 1–1.5 h

5 Discharge guidance

5.1 Retrospective exercise

5.2 Pain self-report

5.3 Practice acceptance in your life (e.g., positive thinking about brushing your teeth, positive thinking about bathing, etc.)

24 h before discharge and 24 h after radiotherapy; 1–1.5 h

6 Summary feedback

6.1 Asking about practice and feelings, consulting and answering questions, consolidating communication

7 days, 1 month after surgery, 1 month after radiotherapy; 45-60 min