Table 1 Background characteristics and health status by depression (n = 4,063)

Age

(52.03 ± 7.09)

40–49

1,612(39.7)

1,527(94.7)

85(5.3)

4.24

0.120

50–59

1,682(41.4)

1,568(93.2)

114(6.8)

60–64

769(18.9)

707(91.9)

62(8.1)

Marital status

Married or partnered

3,404(83.8)

3,236(95.1)

168(4.9)

59.72

< 0.001

Nonmarried or separated

659(16.2)

566(85.9)

93(14.1)

Family income

Above average

2,632(64.8)

2,521(95.8)

111(4.2)

40.65

< 0.001

Below average

1,431(35.2)

1,281(89.5)

150(10.5)

Residential region

Urban

3,387(83.4)

3,177(93.8)

210(6.2)

1.13

0.287

Rural

676(16.6)

625(92.5)

51(7.5)

Education attained

College or higher

1,220(30.0)

1,177(96.5)

43(3.5)

31.53

< 0.001

High school

1,667(41.0)

1,572(94.3)

95(5.7)

Middle school

1,176(28.9)

1,053(89.5)

123(10.5)

Employment

Unemployed

1,577(38.8)

1,429(90.6)

148(9.4)

28.16

< 0.001

Employed

2,486(61.2)

2,373(95.5)

113(4.5)

Drinking frequency

Never or < 1*per month

1–4*per month

≥ 1*per week

2,330(57.3)

2,170(93.1)

160(6.9)

6.03

0.049

1,246(30.7)

1,187(95.3)

59(4.7)

487(12.0)

445(91.4)

42(8.6)

Smoking status

Never smoked

Ex-smoker

Smoker

3,690(90.8)

3,492(94.6)

198(5.4)

52.70

< 0.001

168(4.1)

140(83.3)

28(16.7)

205(5.0)

170(82.9)

35(17.1)

Body mass index, kg/m²

Underweight(< 18.5)

129(3.2)

116(89.9)

13(10.1)

3.96

0.266

Normal(18.5–22.9)

2,420(59.6)

2,286(94.5)

134(5.5)

Pre-obese(23.0-24.9)

1,118(27.5)

1,035(92.6)

83(7.4)

Obese(≥ 25.0)

396(9.7)

365(92.2)

31(7.8)

Menopausal status*

Pre-menopausal

1,749(43.0)

1,661(95.0)

88(5.0)

8.12

0.004

Post-menopausal

2,314(57.0)

2,141(92.5)

173(7.5)

Childbirth experience

No

199(4.9)

177(88.9)

22(11.1)

1.45

0.229

Yes

3,864(95.1)

3,625(93.8)

239(6.2)

Practicing Aerobic exercise

No

2,227(54.8)

2,074(93.1)

153(6.9)

0.16

0.688

Yes

1,836(45.2)

1,728(94.1)

108(5.9)

Restriction

on Activity

No

3,801(93.6)

3,629(95.5)

172(4.5)

245.28

< 0.001

Yes

262(6.4)

173(66.0)

89(34.0)

Diabetes status

Normal

2,070(50.9)

1,957(94.5)

113(5.5)

19.17

< 0.001

Pre-diabetes

1,577(38.8)

1,473(93.4)

104(6.6)

Diabetes

416(10.2)

372(89.4)

44(10.6)