Table 3 Factors associated with depression grade and score (n = 4,063)
Characteristics | Categories | Depression | PHQ-9 score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | Ρ | B | Ρ | ||
Age, years |  | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.261 | -0.05 | < 0.001 |
Marital status | Married or partnered Unmarried or separated | 1.00 2.27 (1.59–3.22) | < 0.001 | 0.00 1.13 | < 0.001 |
Family income | Above average Below average | 1.00 1.25 (0.91–1.72) | 0.174 | 0.00 0.63 | < 0.001 |
Residential region | Urban Rural | 1.00 1.08 (0.78–1.51) | 0.645 | 0.00 0.19 | 0.255 |
Education | College or higher High school Middle school | 1.00 1.51 (0.97–2.36) 2.01 (1.17–3.43) |  | 0.00 |  |
0.070 0.011 | 0.21 0.61 | 0.106 0.003 | |||
Employment | Unemployed Employed | 1.00 0.55 (0.40–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.00 -0.57 | < 0.001 |
Drinking | Never or < 1*per month 1–4*per month ≥ 1*per week | 1.00 0.73 (0.51–1.06) 1.01 (0.63–1.62) |  | 0.00 |  |
0.098 0.982 | -0.03 0.45 | 0.804 0.026 | |||
Smoking | Never smoked Ex-smoker Smoker | 1.00 3.47 (1.89–6.37) 2.14 (1.30–3.51) |  | 0.00 1.60 1.79 |  |
< 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||
Menopausal status | Pre-menopausal Post-menopausal | 1.00 1.22 (0.68–2.17) | 0.502 | 0.00 0.46 | 0.027 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | Underweight (< 18.5) Normal (18.5–22.9) Pre-obese (23.0–24.9) Obese (≥ 25.0) | 1.00 0.77 (0.33–1.79) 0.75 (0.32–1.77) 0.99 (0.38–2.63) | 0.539 0.512 0.989 | 0.00 -0.62 -0.79 -0.85 |  |
0.073 | |||||
0.028 0.034 | |||||
Childbirth experience | No Yes | 1.00 1.52 (0.79–2.94) | 0.209 | 0.00 -0.05 | 0.878 |
Practicing aerobic exercise | No Yes | 1.00 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 0.283 | 0.00 -0.06 | 0.607 |
Restriction on activity | No Yes | 1.00 7.91(5.36–1.66) | < 0.001 | 0.00 3.99 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes progression status | Non-diabetes Pre-diabetes Diabetes | 1.00 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.573 | 0.00 -0.05 | 0.701 |
1.69 (1.08–2.66) | 0.022 | 0.63 | 0.008 | ||