Table 1 Core physical assessment elements, structured in A-E format [39]

Airway

1. Assess airway patency

Breathing

2. Measure respiratory rate

3. Evaluate work of breathing

4. Measure oxygen saturation

Circulation

5. Palpate pulse rate and rhythm

6. Measure blood pressure by auscultation

7. Assess urine output

Disability

8. Assess level of consciousness

9. Evaluate speech

10. Assess for pain

Exposure

11. Measure body temperature

12. Inspect skin integrity

13. Inspect and palpate skin for signs of pressure injury

14. Observe any wounds, dressings or drains, invasive lines

15. Observe ability to transfer and mobilise

16. Assess bowel movements