Effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on alexithymia, anxiety, depression and sleep quality of older people in nursing homes: a quasi-experimental study

Table 2 Effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on alexithymia, depression, anxiety and sleep quality of the elderly in nursing homes (n = 84)^a

Outcome	M(Q1-Q3)		Group Effect ^b		Time Effect ^c		Group × Time Effect ^d
Outcome	Intervention group	Control group	β (95%CI)	P	β(95%CI)	P	β (95%CI)	P
TAS-20 ^e
T0	68.00 (62.00-77.25)	69.00 (62.00-75.00)	0.929 (-2.402 to 4.260)	0.585	NA	NA	NA	NA
T1	59.00 (55.75-63.00)	66.50 (60.75-74.25)			-2.000 (-2.457 to -1.543)	<0.001	-8.167 (-10.965 to -5.368)	<0.001
T2	64.50 (61.00-69.5)	69.50 (63.00-76.00)			0.429 (0.005 to 0.852)	0.047	-4.119 (-7.171 to -1.067)	0.008
PHQ-9 ^f
T0	6.00 (3.75-12.25)	6.00 (3.75-11.25)	0.262 (-1.490 to 2.014)	0.770	NA	NA	NA	NA
T1	6.00 (3.75-9.25)	6.00 (2.00-11.00)			-1.119 (-2.446 to 0.208)	0.098	-0.429 (-3.081 to 2.224)	0.751
T2	6.50 (2.00-10.25)	6.00 (2.00-11.00)			-0.905 (-2.799 to 0.989)	0.349	-0.429 (-4.216 to 3.358)	0.824
GAD-7 ^e
T0	4.50 (1.00-9.00)	3.00 (1.00-7.25)	1.048 (-1.076 to 3.172)	0.334	NA	NA	NA	NA
T1	4.00 (1.00-7.00)	3.00 (2.00-7.25)			0.357 (0.103 to 0.611)	0.006	-0.500 (-2.288 to 1.288)	0.584
T2	3.00(1.00-8.00)	4.50 (1.00-8.00)			0.357 (-1.705 to 2.420)	0.734	-0.167 (-2.119 to 1.786)	0.867
PSQI ^e
T0	9.00 (5.00-15.00)	8.50 (4.75-13.00)	0.405 (-1.679 to 2.489)	0.703	NA	NA	NA	NA
T1	7.00 (5.00-11.00)	9.00 (5.75-14.00)			0.881 (0.592 to 1.170)	<0.001	-1.619 (-3.533 to 0.295)	0.097
T2	7.00 (5.00-11.00)	10.00 (5.75-14.50)			1.333 (0.962 to 1.705)	<0.001	-2.048 (-4.004 to -0.091)	0.040

Abbreviations: M(Q1-Q3) medians (quartile 1 to quartile 3), CI Confidence Interval, TAS-20 Toronto Alexithymia Scale, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, T0 baseline, T2 within one-week post-intervention, T3 3-month follow-up, NA not applicable
^aThe control group and T0 were the reference categories in the generalized estimating equation model and its corresponding null variables
^bGroup effect was defined as group differences between the intervention and control groups at T0
^cTime effect was defined as the change in scores at T1, T2 compare to T0 separately. When interactions are significant, it refers to the change in scores for the control group
^dGroup × time effect was defined as additional change in scores for the intervention group compared to the control group at T1 and T2 separately
^eSignificant interactions were followed with simple effects analyses
^fThe main effects were assessed when interactions were not significant

ISSN: 1472-6955