Table 1 General Characteristics of the selected studies (n = 142)
From: Development of pediatric simulation-based education – a systematic review
Characters | Categories | Subcategories | n | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Year of publish | Before 2000 (n = 2) | 1996 | 1 | 0.7 |
2000 | 1 | 0.7 | ||
From 2001 to 2010 (n = 15) | 2003 | 1 | 0.7 | |
2007 | 2 | 1.4 | ||
2008 | 2 | 1.4 | ||
2009 | 2 | 1.4 | ||
2010 | 8 | 5.6 | ||
From 2011 to 2020 (n = 109) | 2011 | 6 | 4.2 | |
2012 | 14 | 9.9 | ||
2013 | 8 | 5.6 | ||
2014 | 14 | 9.9 | ||
2015 | 7 | 4.9 | ||
2016 | 10 | 7.0 | ||
2017 | 8 | 5.6 | ||
2018 | 20 | 14.1 | ||
2019 | 15 | 10.6 | ||
2020 | 7 | 4.9 | ||
From 2021 to 2022 (n = 16) | 2021 | 10 | 7.0 | |
2022 | 6 | 4.2 | ||
Nation of sample | North America (n = 79) | USA | 62 | 43.7 |
Canada | 17 | 12.0 | ||
USA/Botswana | 1 | 0.7 | ||
South America (n = 6) | Brazil | 4 | 2.8 | |
Colombia | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Peru | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Europe (n = 24) | UK | 10 | 7.0 | |
Germany | 2 | 1.4 | ||
Switzerland | 2 | 1.4 | ||
Switzerland/ Germany | 2 | 1.4 | ||
Sweden | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Denmark | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Finland | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Ireland | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Italy | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Netherland | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Portuguese | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Slovakia | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Asia (n = 4) | South Korea | 1 | 0.7 | |
China, Congo, Croatia, India, Turkey | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Japan | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Malaysia | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Oceania | Australia | 5 | 3.5 | |
Africa | Kenna | 1 | 0.7 | |
Not described | 22 | 15.5 | ||
Study design | Experimental/Cohort study (n = 76) | RCT/experimental study | 33 | 23.2 |
Quasi experimental study (including one group) | 18 | 12.7 | ||
Observational/Case/Cohort study | 25 | 17.6 | ||
Developmental study(n = 58) | Measurement developmental study | 27 | 19.0 | |
Scenario developmental study | 16 | 11.3 | ||
Program (Simulation) developmental study | 15 | 10.6 | ||
Others(n = 8) | Mixed methods | 1 | 0.7 | |
Non categories | 7 | 4.9 | ||
Typology of simulation | Standardized patient/participant(n = 10) | SP | 9 | 6.3 |
SP + peer to peer (role play) | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Computer-based training(n = 30) | Computer based simulation | 2 | 0.7 | |
Computer based simulation (App) | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Computer based simulation (Haptic-enabled hand) | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Web based simulation | 5 | 3.5 | ||
Web based simulation + High-fidelity simulation | 2 | 1.4 | ||
Web based simulation + Video based simulation | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Video based simulation | 17 | 20.2 | ||
Audio simulation | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Advanced patient simulator(n = 92) | High-fidelity simulation | 75 | 52.5 | |
High-fidelity simulation + SP | 4 | 2.8 | ||
High-fidelity/Mid-fidelity/Low-fidelity simulation/SP | 1 | 0.7 | ||
High-fidelity simulation + OSCE | 1 | 0.7 | ||
High-fidelity simulation + Video based simulation | 1 | 0.7 | ||
High-fidelity simulation + VR simulation + SP | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Low-fidelity simulation | 3 | 2.1 | ||
Low-fidelity simulation + OSCE | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Manikin based simulation | 4 | 2.8 | ||
Manikin based simulation + OSCEs | 1 | 0.7 | ||
Virtual reality | VR simulation | 4 | 2.8 | |
OSCE | OSCEs | 2 | 1.4 | |
Peer to Peer | peer to peer (role play) | 3 | 2.1 |