Table 5 Specific analysis on the simulation program and scenario

1

Abraham, 2016 [34]

Skills

Critical-action score (CAS)

Critical-action checklist

N

N

2

Adeyinka, 2013 [35]

Skills

Psychomotor skills required for pediatric intubation

Using a validated scoring tool adopted from Kovacs et al.

Y

Y

3

Adler, 2007 [36]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

11

Appelbaum, 2019 [37]

Skills-number of errors

Medication error

Data management and analysis

Y

N

17

Aye, 2014 [38]

Knowledge, Confidence, Communication skill, Effectiveness

Knowledge, clinical confidence, communication skills, and effectiveness of simulated clinical teaching.

Self- development

Y

N

26

Bigelow, 2000 [39]

Knowledge/ Assessment

Parent knowledge, simulated performance in identifying symptoms, treating illnesses and injuries, and seeking appropriate treatment

Self- development

N

N

33

Brett-Fleegler, 2008 [40]

Competency

Pediatric resuscitation competency

Pediatric Resuscitation Competency Tool

N

Y

34

Brown, 2018 [41]

Knowledge/ Confidence/

Satisfaction

Knowledge, confidence, satisfaction

Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning” tool)

N

N

35

Brubacher, 2015 [42]

Communication skill

Open-ended, specific, leading, and minimal encourager

Coding & number

N

Y

41

Burns, 2013 [43]

Performance

Performance, preparedness, usefulness

Likert 5 scale

N

N

42

Byars, 2013 [44]

Skills

Ventilation time

Seconds

N

N

48

Chitkara, 2013 [45]

Skills

Heart Rate check error

Video tape review

N

N

49

Chiu, 2014 [46]

Performance/Assessment

Communicational skills

Performance Assessment Tools for Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork (PACT)

PACT

Y

Y

50

Cicero, 2014 [47]

Assessment

Pediatric disaster triage (PDT) performance

Pediatric disaster triage (PDT) checklist

N

N

55

Cordero, 2013 [48]

Skills,/ Performance

Procedural Skills: Technical Aspects/Procedural Skills: Timeliness/Team Behavior Scores/Acceptable Performance Scores

Ventilator apply time/chest compression time/adequate (each 4point)

Y

Y

56

Cordova, 2018 [49]

Knowledge/ skills

Knowledge and skill

Previously validated OSCEs

Y

Y

58

Costa, 2019 [50]

Knowledge/ Performance

Knowledge and performance

OSCE checklist

Y

Y

60

da Costa Brasil, 2018 [51]

Satisfaction,

Confidence

Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale

The Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale

Y

Y

66

do Nascimento Targino, 2021 [52]

Knowledge

Compare the proportions of the right/wrong answers

before and after training

ND

N

N

69

Donoghue, 2010 [53]

Performance

Clinical performance

Clinical Performance Tool

Y

Y

71

Donoghue, 2011 [54]

Performance

Clinical performance tool (CPT)-(clinical, behavioral, and cognitive knowledge).

0–2-point checklist (pulseless arrest algorithm of the PALS)

Y

Y

73

Dorsey, 1996 [55]

Attitude

Attitude, opinion about sexual abuse in childhood

Likert scale

N

N

75

Edler, 2010 [56]

Satisfaction

Simulation satisfaction

ND

N

N

76

Edwards, 2018 [57]

Knowledge/ Confidence

EAI ease of use, confidence, knowledge. IFU task error

Information and Instructions for Use(IFU)

N

N

79

Everett, 2019 [58]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

88

Finan, 2012 [59]

Performance/ Stress

Clinical performance, objective, subjective stress

Team performance scoring tools, subjective stress, solitary cortisol

N

N

96

Geis, 2018 [60]

Assessment/ Performance

Recognizing sepsis, physician Performance

The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique

Y

Y

97

Gerard, 2018 [61]

Knowledge/ Scenario score/ Satisfaction

Knowledge, simulation scenario score, game-based simulation

Self-development

N

Y

100

Grant, 2012 [62]

Leadership/Communication skill/Knowledge/Performance

leadership and communication skill, knowledge, clinical skill

LCS, KCS

Y

Y

102

Hall, 2015 [63]

Knowledge /Self-confidence

Knowledge and self-confidence

ND

N

N

104

Hasselager, 2018 [64]

Performance

Foreign body airway obstruction management skills

Pass/Fail Likert 5 scale

Y

Y

106

Heimberg, 2014 [65]

Knowledge

Evaluating adherence to sepsis guidelines

ND

N

Y

107

Herzberg, 2019 [66]

Teamwork scale

Teamwork

Clinical Teamwork Scale(0–10)

N

N

108

Hodgkinson, 2019 [67]

Knowledge/Confidence

Knowledge and confidence

Scale of 1, not at all confident, to 10, very confident

N

N

109

Hossino, 2018 [68]

Confidence

Confidence

5 point Likert scale

Y

N

111

House, 2012 [69]

Knowledge/ Skills

Pediatric rapid sequence intubation and knowledge

Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS)

N

N

113

House, 2016 [70]

Attitudes/Beliefs/Perceived risk

Attitudes, beliefs, perceived risk associated with child and adult ATV use.

ND

Y

Y

114

Hoyle, 2020 [71]

Performance

Dose error

Directly observed all simulations in the simulation space and graded performance on a standardized scoring sheet

N

N

115

Hunt, 2007 [72]

Performance

Pediatric trauma performance

Likert 5 scale

N

Y

118

Jabbour, 2012 [73]

Skills

Technical skill

Objective measures list, OSATS, GRTS

Y

Y

120

John, 2019 [74]

Confidence

Confidence

10 point likert scale

N

N

123

Kalaniti, 2019 [75]

Stress

Anxiety/stress

Cortisol and self-report stress questionnaire

N

N

124

Kane, 2019 [76]

Skills

Neonatal Resuscitation skill

7th edition of the Neonatal Resuscitation guidelines.

N

Y

126

Katznelson, 2018 [77]

Skills

Pediatric resuscitation skill

Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support guidelines

N

N

127

Keidan, 2008 [78]

Performance’s time

Bag-mask ventilation time

PaCo2

N

N

129

Khan, 2020 [79]

Performance

Performance to apply the ventilation

0–2 scale, total 10 point

N

Y

130

Khorram-Manesh, 2018 [17]

Knowledge

Knowledge

0 (dissatisfaction) to 10 (complete satisfaction)

N

N

131

Kim, 2014 [80]

Satisfaction

Simulation experience satisfaction

Satisfaction of Simulations Experience Scale

Y

Y

132

King, 2016 [81]

Complexity

Simulation complexity

Complexity rating scale

N

N

133

Kioko, 2010 [82]

Management skill

Weight-based drug dosages in the management

Crisis resource management (CRM) tool, Broselow-Luten Pediatric System

N

N

135

Kothari, 2021 [83]

Performance

Simulation performance

SimulationTeam Assessment Tool

N

N

137

Kurosawa, 2014 [84]

Skill/Behavioral performance

Skill performance, Behavioral performance

Clinical Performance Tool (CPT).Behavioral Assessment Tool (BAT),

N

Y

139

Lacour, 2021 [85]

Stress

Perceived stress

Spielberger’s psychometric State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

(STAI) questionnaire, VAS

N

N

140

LaFond, 2015 [86]

Pain assess

Pain Beliefs and Practices Questionnaire

PBPQ

N

Y

141

Lammers, 2009 [87]

Skills

Pediatric resuscitation skill

Clinical Assessment Module Questionnaire

N

Y

142

Lammers, 2022 [88]

Skills

Pediatric resuscitation skill

Clinical Assessment Module Questionnaire

N

Y

146

Larsen, 2018 [18]

Behavior willingness/Expectancies

Smoking behavior, Behavioral willingness on S-SIDE, Self-reported willingness to smoke, Smoking Expectancies

Fagerströ Test, 7pint likert, 7pint likert, The short Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ)

N

Y

147

LeBlanc, 2012 [89]

Stress/ Assessment

Stress, Risk assessment

subjective measure (STAI) and cotisol, Ontario Risk Assessment Measure

N

Y

148

Lee, 2012 [90]

Confidence

Confidence

developed by the investigators (4 point likert scale)

N

N

150

Lemke, 2019 [91]

Assessment/Satisfaction

Rapid cycle deliberate practice, satisfaction

Simulation Team Assessment Tool

N

N

152

Levy, 2014 [92]

Performance

Scenario performance

CPT(Clinical performance tool)

N

Y

154

Levy, 2012 [93]

Error performance/ time

Resuscitation delay and error

PALS

Y

Y

159

Marlow, 2013 [94]

Assessment

Accuracy of weight estimation

ND

N

N

163

McBride, 2011 [95]

Confidence

Scenario confidence

Checklist and global rating scale

N

N

169

Mema, 2016 [96]

Performance

Scenario performance

ND

Y

N

177

Nadkarni, 2018 [97]

Performance

Resuscitation leader performance

Concise Assessment of Leader Management (CALM)

Y

-

187

Neira, 2013 [98]

Assessment

Generic Integrated Objective Structured Assessment Tool (GIOSAT)

GIOSAT

Y

Y

190

Padhya, 2021 [99]

Performance

Scenario performance

Clinical performance assessment

N

N

192

Ponce de Leon, 2018 [100]

Assessment

Simulation assessment

Expert characterization questionnaire, high-fidelity scenario validation tool

Y

N

202

Rovamo, 2011 [101]

Technical skills

A case-based checklist of technical skills that comprised 30 items was compiled using items from previous studies.

Technical skills.

Y

Y

203

Rowe, 2012 [102]

ND

NS

ND

N

N

205

Russo-Ponsaran, 2018 [15]

Preference/ Assessment

Solution preference/Problem identification/Intent attribution./Goal preference

VE scoring

N

Y

207

Sadideen, 2014 [103]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

208

Sadideen, 2016 [104]

ND

Two main themes were identified from post simulation. (1) participants felt the experience was authentic because the simulation had high psychological and social fidelity, and (2) there was a demand for TBS to be made readily available to improve nontechnical skills and interprofessional relations in burns and other emergencies.

N

N

209

Sagalowsky, 2018 [105]

Attitudes/Confidence

/Knowledge

Attitudes, confidence and knowledge

5 likert scales

N

Y

210

Scalon da Costa, 2019 [106]

Knowledge/OSCE checklist

Cognitive knowledge test and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) checklist

Y

Y

212

Schmutz, 2014 [107]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

213

Schmutz, 2015 [108]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

214

Sepúveda Oviedo, 2022 [109]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

216

Seto, 2017 [110]

OSCE checklist

A multiple-choice question (MCQ) test, bag-mask ventilation (BMV) checklist, and two objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs)

OSCE checklist

N

Y

218

Shin, 2014 [111]

ND

ND

ND

N

Y

220

Siebert, 2022 [112]

Number of errors, delay

<Primary outcome -total number of errors in first study>(a) correct pediatric pad size and anterior-posterior placement in the center of the exposed child’s chest +/-1 cm; (b) correct defibrillator operating mode; (c) adequate choice of energy dose (AHA recommendations for the arrhythmia being treated; (d) load of energy dose; (e) verbalization of the safety precaution measures before shock delivery; and (f) delivery of electric current < secondary outcome> (a)the total number of errors (b) delay (in second)

PALS checklist

Y

Y

221

Sigalet, 2012 [113]

Attitudes

ATTITUDES questionnaire (1) relevance of IPE, (2) relevance of simulation, (3) communication, (4) situation awareness, and (5) roles and responsibilities

Published already

N

Y

224

Smith, 2019 [114]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

228

Teis, R, 2017 [115]

Performance/Team performance

Primary outcomes (feasibility): number of success, Secondary outcomes:Resuscitation performance,Team performance: cardiac compressions, rate, depth, fully released, ventilation rate(%),

ND

N

N

229

Tobler, K, 2014 [116]

Confidence/ Performance

Self-assessment(confidence)/ performance(expert 2 + parent평가)

ND

N

Y

230

Tofil, N. M, 2017 [117]

Mental,Physical,Temporal demand/Performance/Effort/

Frustration

Mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, frustration

ND

N

N

232

Traynor, 2021 [118]

Skills/ Critical thinking/ assessment

ICU nursing skills and critical thinking.Environmental and Safety Assessment,Physical Assessment,Critical Thinking

Published already

Y

Y

233

Tsai, T. C, 2003 [119]

Skills/Behavioral performance

Reliability (internal consistency, Cronbach’s a)

The scales for the task-specific skill checklist and the behaviour rating were dichotomous.

N

Y

235

Tyler, 2021 [120]

Performance

Performance dyadic subscale (PDS),Reflection dyadic subscale

ND

N

Y

238

Ventre, K. M., 2009 [121]

Knowledge/Performance

Each case was designed to test the particpant’s knowledge of the complete PALS treatment algorithm for that condition/Pilot Study of PALS Providers’Performance

AHA checklist

Y

Y

240

Wallace, 2010 [16]

Performance

ITC Sense of Presence Inventory,Social Attractiveness Questionnaire:

Published already

Y

Y

242

Walton, J. L, 2018 [122]

Assessment

Test Scores Before and After Educational Intervention/Average Scores for the Major Domains Assessed for Each of the Scenarios

ND

N

N

243

Watkins, S. C., 2021 [123]

Technical skills/Behavior performance/Team assessment

The TS assessment tools consisted of a scenario-specific checklist and a global rating scale (GRS)/Nontechnical Skills Rating Instruments-The TEAM tool(Team emergency assessment measure,BARs tool(Behavioral Anchored rating scale)

Technical Skill (TS), Behavior Anchored Rating Scale (BARS), TEAMS

Y

Y

245

Watkins, S. C, 2017 [124]

Skills/Behavioral performance

Anesthetists’ Nontechnical Skills (ANTS), BARS behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

Y

Y

248

Whalen, A. M, 2018 [125]

ND

ND

ND

N

N

249

Whalen, A. M, 2022 [126]

Assessment

Assessment Tool Development

Published already

Y

Y

252

Naoko NAMBA, 2021 [127]

ND

ND

ND

N

N