Table 1 Descriptive statistics for numerical variables at each data collection point
From: Factors protecting Swiss nurses’ health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Variable (response range) | Mean (SD) T0 (N = 625) | Mean (SD) T1 (N = 153) | Mean (SD) T2 (N = 146) | Mean (SD) T3 (N = 89) | Cronbach’s α range across measurement points | Effect of measurement point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical QoL (0–100) | 69.17 (16.29) | 67.18 (18.86) | 67.93 (17.54) | 70.45 (18.10) | 0.78–0.84 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.10, p = .100 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.04, p = .479 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.05, p = .543 |
Psychological QoL (0–100) | 65.20 (16.31) | 64.85 (18.07) | 65.33 (16.68) | 66.23 (18.48) | 0.77–0.82 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.04, p = .532 T0 vs. T2: β = 0.04, p = .516 T0 vs. T3: β = 0.01, p = .921 |
Social QoL (0–100) | 67.40 (21.29) | 66.12 (21.32) | 65.30 (21.95) | 64.98 (21.95) | 0.69–0.78 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.07, p = .234 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.10, p = .115 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.13, p = .098 |
Environmental QoL (0–100) | 70.58 (14.11) | 71.50 (16.02) | 72.46 (14.97) | 72.61 (15.81) | 0.75–0.84 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.04, p = .324 T0 vs. T2: β = 0.08, p = .187 T0 vs. T3: β = 0.02, p = .752 |
Perceived stress (1–5) | 2.84 (0.61) | 2.81 (0.68) | 2.76 (0.68) | 2.63 (0.68) | 0.90–0.93 | T0 vs. T1: β = 0.03, p = .592 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.13, p = .034 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.19, p = .015 |
Post-traumatic growth (1–6) | 3.25 (1.02) | 3.32 (1.00) | 3.37 (1.04) | 3.30 (0.96) | 0.87–0.88 | T0 vs. T1: β = 0.02, p = .743 T0 vs. T2: β = 0.08, p = .280 T0 vs. T3: β = 0.02, p = .805 |
Resilience (1–5) | 3.67 (0.63) | 3.80 (061) | 3.73 (0.61) | 3.74 (0.69) | 0.88–0.90 | T0 vs. T1: β = 0.05, p = .308 T0 vs. T2: β = 0.05, p = .393 T0 vs. T3: β = 0.02, p = .808 |
Perceived social support (1–7) | 5.76 (1.08) | 5.67 (1.02) | 5.65 (1.05) | 5.58 (1.11) | 0.92–0.94 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.09, p = .125 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.07, p = .219 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.22, p = .002 |
Support from management hierarchy (1–6) | 4.41 (1.11) | 4.25 (1.28) | 4.19 (1.26) | 4.33 (1.20) | 0.86–0.92 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.18, p = .008 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.22, p = .004 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.11, p = .218 |
Support from colleagues (1–6) | 4.70 (0.83) | 4.68 (0.80) | 4.57 (0.93) | 4.58 (0.85) | 0.80–0.84 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.04, p = .557 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.12, p = .103 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.14, p = .112 |
Quality of work (1–5) | 4.61 (0.74) | 4.41 (0.97) | 4.35 (0.91) | 4.52 (1.02) | 0.80–0.94 | T0 vs. T1: β = -0.22, p = .002 T0 vs. T2: β = -0.32, p < .001 T0 vs. T3: β = -0.15, p = .087 |