Table 2 Significative differences in the Unfinished Nursing Care occurrence and reasons
Study patterns | COVID-19 patients, first wave vs. before the pandemic | COVID-19 patients, second and third waves vs. before the pandemic | COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 patients, second wave | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SECTION A, interventions unfinished§ Items and total scores | Alfuqaha et al., 2022 [24] | Nymark et al., 2021 [29] | von Vogelsan et al., 2021 [30] | Falk et al., 2022 [31] | Cengia et al., 2021 [26] |
Turning patient every two hours | ↑ | ↑ |  |  |  |
Ambulation three times per day or as ordered | ↑ | ↑ |  | ↓ ↓ |  |
Emotional support to patient and/or family | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Mouth care |  |  | ↓ | ↓ ↑ |  |
IV/central line site care and assessments according to hospital policy | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Skin/wound care | ↑ | ↑ |  |  |  |
Feeding patient when the food is still warm | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Medications administered within 15/30 minutes before or after scheduled time |  | ↓ |  |  | ↓ |
Assist with toileting needs within 5 min of request | ↑ |  |  | ↓ ↓ |  |
Focused reassessments according to patient condition | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Response to call light is initiated within 5 min | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |  |  |
Full documentation of all necessary data | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Nursing staffs’ hand washing | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Setting up meals for patients who feed themselves |  | ↓ | ↓ |  |  |
Monitoring intake/output | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Bedside glucose monitoring as ordered | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Vital signs assessed as ordered |  |  |  | ↓ ↓ |  |
Total scores according to the tool | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
SECTION B, reasons§ Items and total scores |  |  |  |  |  |
Medications were not available when needed | ↑ |  |  | ↓ ↓ |  |
Supplies/equipment not available when needed | ↑ |  |  | ↓ ↓ |  |
Urgent patient situations (e.g., a patient’s condition worsening) | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Inadequate number of assistive personnel (e.g., nursing assistants) |  |  |  |  | ↑ |
Inadequate nursing care model (e.g., functional task-oriented model of care) |  |  |  |  | ↑ |
Tension or communication breakdowns with other ancillary/support departments | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Tension or communication breakdowns with the medical staff | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Tension or communication breakdowns within the nursing team | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Lack of backup support from team members | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Inadequate hand-off from previous shift or sending unit | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Nursing assistant did not communicate that care was not provided | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Caregiver off unit or unavailable | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Factor: Communication | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Factor: Material resources | ↑ |  |  |  |  |
Total scores in the tool | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |