Table 2 Between-group comparisons regarding participants’ characteristics
Characteristics | Control N (%) or Mean ± SD | Intervention N (%) or Mean ± SD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 20 (30.3) | 24 (36.4) | 0.46* |
Female | 46 (69.7) | 42 (63.6) | ||
Educational level | Illiterate | 43 (65.2) | 30 (45.5) | 0.61* |
Primary | 17 (25.8) | 18 (31.1) | ||
High school | 5 (7.6) | 12 (18.2) | ||
Diploma and higher | 1 (1.5) | 6 (9.1) | ||
Marital status | Single | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.54* |
Married | 38 (57.6) | 45 (68.2) | ||
Divorced/Widowed | 28 (51.4) | 19 (28.8) | ||
Income | Insufficient | 40 (60.6) | 41 (62.1) | 0.80* |
Sufficient | 25 (37.9) | 23 (34.8) | ||
High | 1 (1.5) | 2 (3) | ||
Medications | Antihypertensive | 48 (72.7) | 51 (77.3) | 0.54* |
Narcotic | 7 (10.6) | 7 (10.6) | 1.00* | |
Analgesic | 13 (19.7) | 18 (27.3) | 0.305* | |
Antidepressant | 10 (15.2) | 13 (19.7) | 0.491* | |
Antidiabetic | 26 (39.4) | 28 (42.4) | 0.723* | |
Anti-inflammatory | 34 (51.5) | 31 (47) | 0.601* | |
Antiepileptic | 10 (15.2) | 9 (13.6) | 0.804* | |
Antipsychotic | 6 (9.1) | 4 (6.1) | 0.511* | |
Others | 65 (98.5) | 63 (95.5) | 0.310* | |
Hospitalization history | Yes | 59 (89.4) | 56 (84.8) | 0.436* |
No | 7 (10.6) | 10 (15.2) | ||
Duration of affliction by the underlying condition | Below three months | 42 (63.6) | 41 (62.1) | 0.875* |
More than three months | 24 (36.4) | 25 (37.9) | ||
Visual impairment | Yes | 35 (53) | 32 (48.5) | 0.601* |
No | 31 (47) | 34 (51.5) | ||
Hearing impairment | Yes | 35 (53) | 19 (28.8) | 0.51* |
No | 31 (47) | 47 (71.2) | ||
Age (Years) | 72.48 ± 8.832 | 67.66 ± 6.99 | 0.1** | |
Duration of hospital stay (Days) | 9.84 ± 4.85 | 10.33 ± 4.75 | 0.56** | |
Number of medications | 4.71 ± 0.67 | 4.72 ± 0.85 | 0.910** | |