Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study

Table 3 Homogeneity Test of the Outcome Variables

Variables	Exp. (n = 25)	Con. (n = 26)	t/z	p
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	t/z	p
Preschool children’s smart device overdependence	26.56 ± 2.96	27.54 ± 2.83	-1.40^†	0.160
Mothers’ emotional intelligence	96.04 ± 10.03	96.15 ± 9.16	-0.04	0.966
Mothers’ positive parenting behaviour	44.36 ± 5.72	47.08 ± 6.05	-1.65	0.106
Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour	27.16 ± 4.09	28.04 ± 4.63	-0.72	0.477
Preschool children’s stable attachment	3.16 ± 0.42	3.11 ± 0.42	-0.65^†	0.514
Preschool children’s unstable attachment	2.09 ± 0.41	2.04 ± 0.51	0.42	0.674

Con. = Control group; Exp. = Experimental group; SD = Standard deviation. ^†Mann–Whitney test

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