Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study

Lee, Gumhee; Kim, Sungjae

doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01554-9

Table 4 Comparison of the Preschool Children’s Smart Device Overdependence between the Two Groups

From: Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study

Variables	Group	Pre	Post	Follow Up	Source	χ²	P	Difference (Post-Pre)			Difference (Post 4weeks-Pre)
Variables	Group	M ± SE	M ± SE	M ± SE	Source	χ²	P	M ± SE	χ²	p	M ± SE	χ²	p
Smart device overdependence	Exp. (n = 25)	26.56 ± 0.58	18.36 ± 0.76	18.90 ± 0.85	G T GxT	17.94 87.82 14.48	< 0.001 < 0.001 0.001	-8.20 ± 0.71	12.63	< 0.001	-7.66 ± 0.73	11.25	0.001
Smart device overdependence	Con. (n = 26)	27.54 ± 0.55	24.23 ± 1.08	24.15 ± 1.09	G T GxT	17.94 87.82 14.48	< 0.001 < 0.001 0.001	-3.31 ± 1.18	12.63	< 0.001	-3.39 ± 1.04	11.25	0.001
Mothers’ emotional intelligence	Exp. (n = 25)	96.04 ± 1.97	103.56 ± 2.01	104.08 ± 2.20	G T GxT	3.25 25.62 14.99	0.072 < 0.001 0.001	7.52 ± 1.22	13.85	< 0.001	8.04 ± 1.37	12.54	< 0.001
Mothers’ emotional intelligence	Con. (n = 26)	96.15 ± 1.76	96.46 ± 1.69	97.57 ± 1.72	G T GxT	3.25 25.62 14.99	0.072 < 0.001 0.001	0.31 ± 1.51	13.85	< 0.001	1.42 ± 1.27	12.54	< 0.001
Mothers’ positive parenting behaviour	Exp. (n = 25)	44.36 ± 1.12	49.36 ± 1.18	49.39 ± 1.36	G T GxT	0.51 34.27 9.32	0.474 < 0.001 0.009	5.00 ± 0.97	7.17	0.007	5.03 ± 1.05	0.79	0.376
Mothers’ positive parenting behaviour	Con. (n = 26)	47.08 ± 1.16	48.65 ± 1.31	50.74 ± 1.23	G T GxT	0.51 34.27 9.32	0.474 < 0.001 0.009	1.57 ± 0.83	7.17	0.007	3.66 ± 1.13	0.79	0.376
Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour	Exp. (n = 25)	27.16 ± 0.80	23.64 ± 0.91	24.20 ± 0.90	G T GxT	4.74 15.70 4.79	0.029 < 0.001 0.091	-3.52 ± 0.93	4.02	0.045	-2.96 ± 0.86	3.64	0.056
Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour	Con. (n = 26)	28.04 ± 0.89	27.04 ± 0.97	27.17 ± 1.00	G T GxT	4.74 15.70 4.79	0.029 < 0.001 0.091	-1.00 ± 0.84	4.02	0.045	-0.87 ± 0.69	3.64	0.056
Preschool children’s attachment stability	Exp. (n = 25)	3.16 ± 0.08	3.36 ± 0.08	3.31 ± 0.06	G T GxT	0.52 20.05 2.46	0.470 < 0.001 0.292	0.20 ± 0.05	1.29	0.257	0.15 ± 0.08	0.01	0.937
Preschool children’s attachment stability	Con. (n = 26)	3.11 ± 0.08	3.23 ± 0.08	3.27 ± 0.08	G T GxT	0.52 20.05 2.46	0.470 < 0.001 0.292	0.12 ± 0.06	1.29	0.257	0.16 ± 0.04	0.01	0.937
Preschool children’s attachment instability	Exp. (n = 25)	2.09 ± 0.08	1.86 ± 0.07	1.80 ± 0.08	G T GxT	2.55 4.41 9.49	0.110 0.110 0.009	-0.23 ± 0.07	4.93	0.026	-0.29 ± 0.09	9.04	0.003
Preschool children’s attachment instability	Con. (n = 26)	2.03 ± 0.10	2.04 ± 0.08	2.16 ± 0.11	G T GxT	2.55 4.41 9.49	0.110 0.110 0.009	0.01 ± 0.08	4.93	0.026	0.13 ± 0.11	9.04	0.003

Con. = Control group; Exp. = Experimental group; G = Group; M = Mean; SE = Standard error; T = Time.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6955

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

BMC Nursing

Contact us