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Table 4 Sociodemographic and pain-related characteristics and pain empathy scores of nurses with different characteristics of nurses(N = 177)

From: Evaluating the relationship between pain empathy, knowledge and attitudes among nurses in North China: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Frequency(Percentage)

N(%)

Score(M ± SD)

Statistical Quantity

P Value

Hospital grade

    

 Tertiary hospital

157(88.70)

2.76 ± 0.76

0.836a

0.404

 Below the Tertiary hospital

20(11.30)

2.92 ± 0.94

  

Gender

    

 Male

8(4.52)

2.76 ± 0.60

0.080a

0.936

 Female

169(95.48)

2.78 ± 0.79

  

Age(years)

    

 20~

53(29.94)

2.61 ± 0.72

4.166b

0.007

 26~

51(28.81)

2.68 ± 0.68

  

 31~

54(30.51)

2.87 ± 0.84

  

 36~

19(10.74)

3.28 ± 0.81

  

Department

    

 Oncology

85(48.02)

2.87 ± 0.67

1.567b

0.172

 Surgical

30(16.95)

2.69 ± 0.79

  

 Internal medicine

25(14.13)

2.77 ± 1.00

  

 Pediatrics

9(5.08)

3.18 ± 1.05

  

 Obstetrics and gynecology

9(5.08)

2.52 ± 0.72

  

 Other units

19(10.74)

2.48 ± 0.71

  

Professional title

    

 Primary care nurse

120(67.80)

2.67 ± 0.76

3.757b

0.025

 Intermediate nurse

52(29.38)

2.98 ± 0.80

  

 Senior nurse

5(2.82)

3.23 ± 0.48

  

Years of nursing experience

    

 <5

91(51.41)

2.62 ± 0.73

3.848b

0.023

 5 ~ 10

35(19.78)

2.92 ± 0.77

  

 >10

51(28.81)

2.96 ± 0.83

  

Educational level

    

 College or below

16(9.04)

2.96 ± 0.87

0.465b

0.481

 university

155(87.57)

2.76 ± 0.78

  

 master or below

6(3.39)

2.72 ± 0.61

  

Number of night shifts/month

    

 0 ~ 2

47(26.56)

2.89 ± 0.62

0.734b

0.481

 3 ~ 5

67(37.85)

2.77 ± 0.83

  

 ≥ 6

63(35.59)

2.71 ± 0.83

  

Marital Status

    

 Not married

88(49.72)

2.59 ± 0.71

3.244a

0.001

 Married

89(50.28)

2.96 ± 0.80

  

Whether trained in empathy

    

 Yes

64(36.16)

2.99 ± 0.78

2.825a

0.005

 No

113(63.84)

2.66 ± 0.75

  

Whether only child

    

 Yes

34(19.21)

2.54 ± 0.67

2.040a

0.043

 No

143(80.79)

2.84 ± 0.79

  

Personality traits

    

 Introvert

39(22.03)

2.80 ± 0.77

0.048b

0.953

 Middle

102(57.63)

2.78 ± 0.74

  

 Extrovert

36(20.34)

2.74 ± 0.89

  

Whether experienced major trauma or severe pain

    

 Yes

50(28.25)

3.19 ± 0.81

4.649a

<0.001

 No

127(71.75)

2.62 ± 0.70

  

Self-perceived pain tolerance level

    

 Very poor

9(5.08)

2.67 ± 0.46

0.628b

0.643

 Relatively poor

23(12.99)

2.66 ± 0.76

  

 Average

94(53.11)

2.74 ± 0.75

  

 Relatively good

48(27.13)

2.91 ± 0.90

  

 Very good

3(1.69)

2.99 ± 0.34

  

Job satisfaction

    

 Very dissatisfied

2(1.13)

2.46 ± 0.44

0.852b

0.494

 Relatively dissatisfied

66(37.29)

2.80 ± 0.80

  

 Average

61(34.46)

2.75 ± 0.69

  

 Relatively satisfied

33(18.64)

2.67 ± 0.67

  

 Very satisfied

15(8.48)

3.08 ± 1.20

  

Negative emotion

    

 Yes

93(52.54)

2.66 ± 0.81

2.213a

0.028

 No

84(47.46)

2.91 ± 0.73

  

Work experience of oncology

    

 Yes

100(56.50)

2.89 ± 0.76

2.231a

0.027

 No

77(43.50)

2.63 ± 0.78

  
  1. a: t-test, b: one way ANOVA