Table 1 Characteristics and PTSD (N = 168)
|  | n (%) or Mean ± SD |
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal characteristics | |
 Age (years) | 31.47 ± 9.25 |
  Below the median (< 28) | 80 (47.6) |
  Above the median (≥ 28) | 88 (52.4) |
 Work experience (years) | 8.91 ± 9.53 |
  Below the median (< 4) | 83 (49.4) |
  Above the median (≥ 4) | 85 (50.6) |
 Gender | |
  Male | 6 (3.6) |
  Female | 162 (96.4) |
 Marital status | |
  Unmarried | 118 (70.2) |
  Married | 50 (29.8) |
 Cohabitation status | |
  Living alone | 24 (14.3) |
  Living with family | 144 (85.7) |
 Education level | |
  Associate’s degree or lower | 25 (14.9) |
  Bachelor’s degree or higher | 143 (85.1) |
Organizational characteristic | |
 Nursing work environments | 2.47 ± 0.40 |
  Nurse participation in hospital affairs | 2.33 ± 0.47 |
  Nursing foundations for quality of care | 2.68 ± 0.41 |
  Nurse managers’ ability, leadership, and support of nurses | 2.69 ± 0.54 |
  Staffing and resource adequacy | 2.24 ± 0.62 |
  Collegial nurse-physician relations | 2.27 ± 0.61 |
COVID-19-related characteristic | |
 Experience of quarantine |  |
  No | 123 (73.2) |
  Yes | 45 (26.8) |
 Training/orientation of infection control | |
  No | 82 (48.8) |
  Yes | 86 (51.2) |
 Level of nurse staffing | |
  Appropriate | 70 (41.7) |
  Inappropriate | 98 (58.3) |
 Availability of PPE | |
  Appropriate | 78 (46.4) |
  Inappropriate | 90 (53.6) |
 Convenience of EHR | |
  Convenience | 110 (65.5) |
  Inconvenience | 58 (34.5) |
 Experience of witnessing COVID-19 patient death | |
  No | 124 (73.8) |
  Yes | 44 (26.2) |
 Length of working period in the COVID-19 isolation ward | 26.61 ± 18.31 |
PTSD | 15.77 ± 16.57 |
 ≤ 33 | 137 (81.5) |
 > 33 | 31 (18.5) |