Table 1 Components of Flow
Components | Definition |
|---|---|
Challenge-skills balance | Balance between the challenge of the learning task with the appropriate learner’s skills |
Clear goals | Setting clear goals in advance to know exactly what to do |
Unambiguous feedback | To be timely aware of whether it is being performed according to the learning objectives |
Action-awareness merging | Learners perform learning activities without conscious effort |
Concentration on the task at hand | A state of being completely focused on the task without paying attention to anything else |
Sense of control | Awareness that learners can perceive their actions |
Loss of self-consciousness | A state in which self-awareness is not recognized because of the satisfaction and enjoyment felt in the learning activity itself |
Transformation of time | The lack of awareness of time or the disappearance of perception of time during learning |
Autotelic experience | Self-independent actions for one’s inner satisfaction, not expectations of profit |