Table 4 Mean score for each item toward non-pharmacological pain management methods (n = 215)

Put the patient in comfortable position

3.40

0.801

85.0%

Apply hot or cold local packages

2.79

0.778

69.8%

Encourage patient to drink herbal drinks

2.62

0.904

65.5%

Apply breathing techniques

3.08

0.864

77.0%

Conduct hydrotherapy (partial bath)

2.77

0.948

69.3%

Apply movement restriction-resting

2.81

0.795

70.3%

Communicate with patient, &family

3.27

0.764

81.8%

Use therapeutic touch

2.63

0.897

65.8%

Apply massaging techniques

2.51

0.814

62.8%

Distract the patient by listening to light music/watching TV

1.97

1.016

49.3%

Help the patient to pray

2.64

0.885

66.0%

Apply guided imagery technique

2.27

0.904

56.8%

Provide quiet and comfortable room

2.92

0.893

73.0%

Use comfort devices (special mattress)

2.85

0.920

71.3%

Counselling/Provides education for patient and his family

3.00

0.788

75.0%

Acupuncture/acupressure/reflexology

1.98

0.888

49.5%

Total Mean Score (16 items)

2.71

0.465

67.8%