Table 5 Students nurses’ perceptions about the presence of knowledge, skills and attitudes related to pharmaceutical care topics in their curriculum in percentages, split up for Italian students and non-Italian students (n = 1807)
Italian student nurses | Other European students | p-value (Italy vs non-Italy) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sufficiently present | Absent | Present but insufficient | Unsure | Sufficiently present | Absent | Present but insufficient | Unsure | ||
Knowledge about: | |||||||||
Potential causes of drug related problems | 74.8 | 4.8 | 18.6 | 1.8 | 57.2 | 9.2 | 29.3 | 4.3 | < 0.001 |
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics | 42.1 | 17.3 | 34.8 | 5.8 | 41.1 | 15.9 | 35.6 | 7.4 | 0.510 |
Which healthcare professional should be contacted to discuss treatment choices/changes | 76.7 | 2.9 | 19.3 | 1.1 | 58.1 | 4.8 | 34.0 | 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Importance of sharing medication-related information with patients/colleagues | 66.2 | 4.1 | 26.4 | 3.3 | 56.4 | 7.4 | 31.6 | 4.6 | < 0.001 |
Patient education about medication | 73.7 | 5.4 | 16.3 | 4.6 | 57.7 | 10.5 | 24.2 | 7.6 | < 0.001 |
Interventions that aim to prevent drug related problems & self-care | 71.3 | 4.9 | 20.4 | 3.4 | 57.4 | 7.4 | 31.9 | 3.3 | < 0.001 |
How to access information effectively to address drug related problems | 60.7 | 6.9 | 27.4 | 5.0 | 46.2 | 11.8 | 34.8 | 7.2 | < 0.001 |
How to obtain the best possible medication history/information on current regimen | 39.2 | 10.3 | 34.0 | 16.5 | 32.3 | 26.3 | 33.3 | 8.1 | < 0.001 |
National legislation | 67.4 | 5.4 | 23.8 | 3.4 | 49.0 | 11.0 | 35.7 | 4.3 | < 0.001 |
The nurse independent/dependent prescribers’ formulary | 73.4 | 4.9 | 18.9 | 2.8 | 58.0 | 9.5 | 28.9 | 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Skills: | |||||||||
Observing and recognizing therapeutic/adverse effects & drug related problems | 74.2 | 4.0 | 20.2 | 1.6 | 61.9 | 5.1 | 30.9 | 2.1 | < 0.001 |
Empowering and involving the patient and/or family in pharmaceutical care | 63.6 | 5.1 | 27.7 | 3.6 | 50.1 | 7.6 | 39.5 | 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Undertaking safe medicines storage, transportation & disposal for/with patients | 63.9 | 6.7 | 25.6 | 3.8 | 59.6 | 6.7 | 28.6 | 5.1 | 0.231 |
Accessing medication-related information to address drug related problems | 64.8 | 6.7 | 24.5 | 4.0 | 49.8 | 11.3 | 35.8 | 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Recognising the needs and preferences of the patient and/or family in self-management | 54.8 | 11.0 | 28.1 | 6.1 | 41.3 | 16.0 | 36.4 | 6.3 | < 0.001 |
Applying interventions to optimise self-care | 67.1 | 5.6 | 23.8 | 3.4 | 53.8 | 9.6 | 32.6 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
Obtaining timely, accurate, and thorough medication histories | 74.4 | 4.4 | 19.0 | 2.2 | 58.2 | 9.7 | 28.6 | 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Proposing and implementing interventions aiming to prevent drug related problems | 67.6 | 7.3 | 21.2 | 4.0 | 59.1 | 11.2 | 25.6 | 4.1 | < 0.001 |
Proposing appropriate changes in medication therapy, including PRN | 47.9 | 16.7 | 26.0 | 9.4 | 32.9 | 28.7 | 30.4 | 8.0 | 0.014 |
Prescribing + discontinuing medication listed in nurse/independent prescribers’ formulary | 69.6 | 5.4 | 21.2 | 3.8 | 51.4 | 11.4 | 31.9 | 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Attitudes: | |||||||||
Being able to verify patients’ understanding of information | 76.2 | 5.3 | 15.8 | 2.7 | 62.1 | 7.1 | 25.9 | 4.9 | < 0.001 |
Being able to respond to and respect patients’ preferences | 81.4 | 3.5 | 12.9 | 2.2 | 59.7 | 5.3 | 29.4 | 5.6 | < 0.001 |
Taking responsibility/proactive attitude to improve medication therapy | 79.4 | 3.8 | 14.4 | 2.4 | 70.6 | 3.3 | 19.9 | 6.2 | < 0.001 |
Having self-confidence to perform a task | 82.5 | 3.3 | 12.4 | 1.8 | 72.9 | 2.6 | 19.2 | 5.3 | < 0.001 |