Table 1 Intervention programs for the control and experimental groups
Sessions | Control group | Experimental group | |
|---|---|---|---|
1st | Aims | • Understand the characteristics of physical development during adolescence • Accepting one’s physical changes positively | • Understand the characteristics of physical development during adolescence • Understand body image and self-esteem and identify influencing factors |
Development | 1. Growth surge • Concept and influencing factors of the growth surge during adolescence • Gender differences in the growth surge 2. Secondary sexual characteristics • Explain secondary sexual characteristics according to gender • Think about your own physical changes 3. Forming a positive body image • Efforts to form a positive body image • Attitude guidance to form a positive body image | 1. Physical development during adolescence • Concept and influencing factors of the growth surge during adolescence • Expressing changes in one’s secondary sexual characteristics 2. Body image and self-esteem • Explain definition of physical appearance • Explain definition of self-esteem 3. Watch and discuss Real Beauty Sketch • Discuss factors that affect body image and self-esteem • Presentation on ways to improve body image and self-esteem | |
Summary | • Summary of the growth surge, secondary growth, sexual maturity, and physical changes | • Summary of the meaning of physical development characteristics, body image, and self-esteem during adolescence | |
2nd | Aims | • Understanding eating disorders caused by body image distortion • Establishing one’s standards for beauty and presenting a desirable body image | • Establishing one’s standards for beauty and presenting a desirable body image • Reduce internalization of ideal media appearances and body comparisons |
Development | 1. Body image distortion • Teaching materials: News related to adolescent eating disorders • Learn about the problems of anorexia • Learn about the problems of bulimia • Calculate one’s BMI and think about ways to maintain an appropriate weight 2. Establishing a desirable body image • Setting your own standards for healthy beauty • Identifying ineffective weight management | 1. Improve media literacy • Teaching material: Killing Us Softly III video • Explain the definition of media literacy • Discuss the impact of media images on the public after watching the video • Think critically about appearance stereotypes produced by media such as movies, dramas, and advertisements • Establishing your own standards for viewing appearance images produced by the media | |
Summary | • Summary of characteristics of eating disorders that may appear during adolescence | • Summary of definition of media literacy and establishment one’s ideal appearance standards | |
3rd | Aims | • Explain how cultural elements such as beliefs, normative practices, and media affect health | • Understand the qualities you value in others • Overcoming negative experiences related to appearance |
Development | 1. Health and culture • Explain the concepts of beliefs, practices, norms, and media • Explain the concepts of health beliefs, health practices, health norms, and health media with examples 2. Health promotion culture • Describe a culture that pursues extension of life expectancy and well-being • Describe healthy leisure, healthy company dinners, and healthy foods • Explain that efforts are needed to maintain and promote a health culture | 1. Improved self-esteem and recovery from appearance-related injuries • Talk about the effects of teasing one’s appearance • Participate in role-playing about appearance-related teasing • Think about ways to deal with appearance-related teasing • Write and exchange letters complimenting each other on appearance, personality, etc. • Read the letters and share your impressions 2. Understanding others • Sharing opinions on what makes people beautiful | |
Summary | • Summary of the impact of culture on health and health promotion culture | • Summary of the effects of appearance-related teasing and countermeasures | |
4th | Aims | • Identify health risk cultures such as fad imitation and suggest improvements | • Understand the reality and risks of youth cosmetic surgery • Reinforce behaviors that positively impact body image and self-esteem |
Development | 1. Health risk culture • Explain the concepts of fashion imitation culture, appearance-oriented culture, safety insensitivity, and addiction culture • Explain the seriousness of the culture of indiscriminate imitation of trends and emphasis on appearance due to the influence of consumer culture and media • Explain the health threats of addiction culture and insensitivity to safety • Think about ways to improve health risk culture in daily life | 1. The dangers of adolescent cosmetic surgery and the beauty of choosing oneself • Explain the reality and risks of youth cosmetic surgery • Watch and discuss the Choose Beautiful video • Watch and discuss the video of a girl who was teased for having a rare disease, but became a top model • Complete individual activity sheet ‘What can I do to continue to help my body?’ | |
Summary | • Summarize the impact of health risk culture on health | • Summary of the effects of appearance-related teasing and countermeasures | |