Table 1 Trends in A1C and results of questionnaires assessing diabetes self-efficacy, self-care and care satisfaction across time points, stratified by type of diabetes

 T1

7.49 (7.23–7.77)

7.49 (7.15–7.83)

7.53 (7.11–7.95)

 T2

6.41 (6.15–6.67)

6.72 (6.39–7.06)

6.08 (5.68–6.48)

 T3

6.36 (6.11–6.60)

6.60 (6.28–6.93)

6.12 (5.78–6.49)

 T1

7.83 ± 1.31

8.06 ± 1.22

7.56 ± 1.38

 T2

7.76 ± 1.33

7.85 ± 1.33

7.66 ± 1.34

 T3

7.96 ± 1.20

8.12 ± 1.14

7.81 ± 1.26

 T1

4.89 ± 1.56

4.95 ± 1.63

4.84 ± 1.49

 Diet, general

3.80 ± 1.47

3.99 ± 1.42

3.59 ± 1.51

 Diet, specific

2.92 ± 1.98

2.88 ± 1.96

2.97 ± 2.02

 Exercise

6.42 ± 1.03

6.68 ± 0.70

6.12 ± 1.26

 Glucose monitoring

2.56 ± 2.07

2.79 ± 2.26

2.29 ± 1.88

 T2

4.96 ± 1.38

4.98 ± 1.44

4.85 ± 1.32

 Diet, general

3.88 ± 1.18

4.02 ± 1.09

3.72 ± 1.26

 Diet, specific

2.72 ± 1.75

2.62 ± 1.79

2.83 ± 1.73

 Exercise

6.32 ± 1.10

6.54 ± 0.78

6.09 ± 1.34

 Glucose monitoring

2.72 ± 2.05

2.76 ± 2.28

2.69 ± 1.79

 T3

4.84 ± 1.41

4.72 ± 1.58

4.95 ± 1.23

 Diet, general

3.84 ± 1.13

4.08 ± 1.16

3.59 ± 1.06

 Diet, specific

2.92 ± 1.98

2.94 ± 1.86

2.89 ± 2.09

 Exercise

6.50 ± 0.89

6.68 ± 0.64

6.33 ± 1.06

 Glucose monitoring

2.99 ± 2.21

3.27 ± 2.32

2.71 ± 2.07

 T1

3.32 ± 0.88

3.48 ± 0.74

3.14 ± 1.00

 T2

3.42 ± 0.80

3.29 ± 0.69

3.57 ± 0.89

 T3

3.39 ± 0.81

3.26 ± 0.79

3.51 ± 0.82