Table 3 Relationship between factors and self-care

Self-care positive

Activation [55]

Caregiver relationship quality [23]

Cognitive function [57]

Confidence in the dyad [52]

Coping (problem solving) [39]

Household income [27]

Diabetes mellitus [47]

Joint monitoring by nurse and physician [32]

Education Level [22, 38, 47, 66, 68]

Marital status [27]

Executive function [43]

People accompanied patients to visits some or most every visit [28]

Frequency of HF symptoms [39]

Social component of Frailty Syndrome (decreased risk for social isolation) [67]

Having a Religion [42]

Social network [39]

Health literacy [45, 56, 66, 71]

Social Support [28, 38, 40, 45, 61, 62, 67]

HF knowledge [38, 53, 59, 61, 64]

History of receiving information [57]

Income [27, 57]

Length of time with physical symptoms, sustained symptoms- over 6 months [22]

Length of time with HF [32]

Lower functional status [61]

LVEF [63, 68]

Medical aid [42]

Minority [39]

No occupation [42]

Non-Type D personality [42, 67]

Number of comorbidities [3, 8]

Perceived control [50]

Perceived barriers to self-care [58]

Perceived susceptibility (risk) [59]

Praying [46]

Prefrontal brain tissue integrity [30]

Psychomotor speed [43]

Self-care confidence/ Self-efficacy [24, 31, 34, 53, 69, 72]

Sex Females [52]

Sex Males [64]

Social problem solving [40]

Symptom-related interference with enjoyment of life [40]

Unemployed [47]

Self-care negative

Age [38, 63, 68]

Anxiety [58]

Lack of a partner [47]

Cognitive impairment [23, 33]

Living alone [48, 68]

Comorbidity [64]

Patients when compared to informal caregivers were more engaged [52]

Depressive symptoms [37, 49, 58, 71]

Disease severity [33]

General Fatigue [47]

Hospital readmission [49]

Length of time diagnosed with HF [68]

LVEF [32]

Minority status [35]

NYHA classification [38, 39, 63, 68]

Perceived barriers to self-care [55]

Physical symptoms [39]

Sex- Male [47]

Symptom status [49]

Type D personality [26, 42]