Levels and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress among nursing students: a cross sectional study

Table 4 Differences of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress with demographics

Variable	Empathy		Self-awareness		Perceived stress
	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p
Gender
Male	74.97	0.194	39.51	0.397	20.58	> 0.001
Female	76.16		40.52		23.77
Age
18–20	76.14	0.400	40.64	0.258	22.72	0.822
21–33	75.24		39.58		22.55
Income level
0-500 JD	75.80	0.909	41.38	0.010	23.03	0.288
501 JD and more	75.68		38.84		22.23
Sleeping hours		0.087
6 or less	76.67		40.89	0.150	23.88	> 0.001
7 and more	74.85		39.47		21.46
Smoking status
No	76.28	0.072	40.19	0.397	22.72	0.711
Yes	74.03		40.10		22.41
Balanced diet
No	75.81	0.843	40.43	0.331	23.98	> 0.001
Yes	75.64		39.77		20.55
Physical exercise
No	75.85	0.578	40.22	0.637	22.26	> 0.001
Yes	75.32		39.69		20.32
University type
Public	76.26	0.030	40.64	0.095	23.05	0.049
Private	74.05		38.62		21.32
GPA
Fair/Good	73.33	0.011	41.51	0.219	24.35	0.033
Very good	75.46		39.68		22.41
Excellent	77.46		39.86		21.94
Academic Year
First year	76.41	0.724	41.12	0.334	21.85	0.772
Second year	76.06		41.01		22.96
Third year	75.46		39.63		23.08
Fourth year	75.06		39.62		22.58
Leaving nursing studying
No	76.23	0.021	39.70	0.005	22.13	> 0.001
Yes	72.69		43.06		25.85
Satisfaction
Not satisfied	72.43	0.041	42.05	0.016	26.43	> 0.000
Satisfied	76.58		39.68		21.69

ISSN: 1472-6955