Table 1 Participants’ characteristics (n = 182)

Gender

Female

70

38.5

Male

112

61.5

Age

60~

102

56.0

70~

63

34.6

80~

17

9.3

Marital status

Unmarried

0

0

Married

145

79.7

Divorced

2

1.1

Widowed

33

18.1

Remarriage

2

1.1

Ethnic group

Han nationality

178

97.8

Other

4

2.2

Religion

With

12

6.6

Without

170

93.4

Education level

Junior high school and below

107

58.8

High school and Junior college

44

24.2

Undergraduate and above

31

17.0

Preretirement occupation

Worker

33

18.1

Farmer

79

43.4

Enterprise (business) unit

54

29.7

Individual household

12

6.6

Medical and nursing personnel

2

1.1

No fixed work

2

1.1

Town

14

7.7

Rural

79

4.4

Residence

City

89

48.9

Household income per month (Yuan)

<1000

57

31.3

1000~

46

25.3

3000~

47

25.8

5000~

32

17.6

Living situation

Living alone

20

11.0

Living with spouse

86

47.3

Living with children

42

23.1

Living with spouse and children

30

16.5

Other

4

2.2

With or without a caregiver

With

144

79.1

Without

38

20.9

If there is a caregiver, the caregiver is

Spouse

57

31.3

Children

77

42.3

Other

48

26.3

Medical insurance

Yes

166

91.2

No

16

8.8

Number of diseases

1

46

25.3

2

84

46.2

4

38

20.9

4 or more

14

7.7