Table 3 Questions on practices during the second stage of labor
From: Variability of clinical practice in the care of the second stage of labor among midwives in Spain
Practices during the second stage of labor | n (%) (n = 305) |
|---|---|
During the second stage of labor, before performing a vaginal examination, do you use antiseptic for vulvovaginal lavage? | |
Never | 151 (49.5) |
Rarely | 67 (22.0) |
Occasionally | 39 (12.8) |
Frequently | 30 (9.8) |
Always | 18 (5.9) |
Regarding pushing, in women without epidural anesthesia, do you propose spontaneous pushing? | |
Never | 4 (1.3) |
Rarely | 5 (1.6) |
Occasionally | 13 (4.3) |
Frequently | 95 (31.1) |
Always | 188 (61.6) |
If the woman asks to drink fluids and the situation allows for it, what do you usually do? | |
I would let her drink, but my center’s protocol doesn’t allow me to do so | 34 (11.1) |
I wet her lips with a wet gauze | 9 (3.0) |
Yes, but only small amounts | 106 (34.8) |
I let her drink whatever she wants | 156 (51.1) |
During the second stage, in a labor that has progressed normally, and the recording is normal, do you use oxytocin? | |
No | 100 (32.8) |
Only if there is hypodynamia (less than 3 contractions in 10 min) and one hour of expulsion has passed | 103 (33.8) |
Only if there is hypodynamia and 2 h have | 69 (22.6) |
Only if there is hypodynamia and 3 h have elapsed | 26 (8.5) |
Yes, I usually do it to shorten this phase | 7 (2.3) |
During the second stage of labor, before performing a bladder catheterization, do you try to get the woman to void spontaneously? | |
No | 26 (8.5) |
Yes, but only when there is no epidural analgesia | 217 (71.1) |
Always | 62 (20.3) |
Do you use local anesthetic such as lidocaine spray to reduce perineal pain at this stage? | |
Never | 248 (81.3) |
Rarely | 25 (8.2) |
Occasionally | 19 (6.2) |
Frequently | 12 (3.9) |
Always | 1 (0.3) |
Do you use lubricant in the birth canal in order to reduce the risk of tearing? | |
Never | 51 (16.7) |
Rarely | 45 (14.8) |
Occasionally | 54 (17.7) |
Frequently | 85 (27.9) |
Always | 70 (23.0) |
Is Kristeller performed at your center for fetal bradycardia? | |
It is never done | 59 (19.3) |
On very few occasions | 139 (45.6) |
It is performed excessively | 107 (35.1) |
Is Kristeller performed at your center in the face of maternal exhaustion? | |
It is never done | 84 (27.5) |
On very few occasions | 120 (39.3) |
It is performed excessively | 101 (33.1) |
Is Kristeller performed at your center to avoid instrumental delivery? | |
It is never done | 70 (23.0) |
On very few occasions | 118 (38.7) |
It is performed excessively | 117 (38.4) |
After completing the second stage of labor, do you perform bladder catheterization? | |
Never | 21 (6.9) |
Rarely | 73 (23.9) |
Occasionally | 114 (37.4) |
Frequently | 71 (23.3) |
Always | 26 (8.5) |