Table 1 Demographic information and univariate analysis of factors associated with withholding voice (n = 419)

Gender

Female

413(98.57)

1.67±0.63

1.78

0.08

Male

6(1.43)

2.13±0.38

Age (years)

21–24

107(25.53)

1.68±0.56

0.54

0.58

25–29

100(23.87)

1.73±0.73

≥30

212(50.60)

1.65±0.61

Marital status

Married

236(56.32)

1.65±0.64

0.74

0.46

Unmarried or divorced

183(43.68)

1.70±0.61

Education

Specialized training school

120(28.64)

1.70±0.60

0.63

0.53

Undergraduate and above

299(71.36)

1.66±0.64

Professional categories

Nurses

133(31.74)

1.72±0.65

2.08

0.13

Nurse practitioners

163(38.90)

1.71±0.65

Nurse-in-charge or above

123(29.36)

1.58±0.57

Job tenure (years)

0–1

90(21.47)

1.73±0.54

0.82

0.52

2–4

68(16.23)

1.66±0.67

5–9

91(21.72)

1.70±0.69

10–14

85(20.29)

1.70±0.70

≥15

85(20.29)

1.57±0.54

Monthly income (RMB)

≤10000

282(67.30)

1.71±0.64

1.59

0.11

>10000

137(32.70)

1.60±0.60

Department

Internal medicine

110(26.25)

1.60±0.58

0.57

0.68

Surgery

85(20.29)

1.70±0.65

Emergency

82(19.57)

1.72±0.67

Orthopaedics

40(9.55)

1.73±0.49

Others

102(24.34)

1.67±0.67