Kohno K, Niihara H, Hamano T, Takeda M, Yamasaki M, Mizumoto K, et al. Standing posture at work and overweight exacerbate varicose veins: Shimane CoHRE study. J Dermatol. 2014;41(11):964–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Escudero Rodriguez JR, Fernandez Quesada F, Bellmunt MS. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic venous disease in patients treated in primary care in Spain: results of the international study vein consult program. Cir Esp. 2014;92(8):539–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:175–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ismail L, Normahani P, Standfield NJ, Jaffer U. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk for development of varicose veins in women with a history of pregnancy. J Vasc Surg. 2016;4:518–24.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rabe E, Guex JJ, Puskas A, Scuderi A, Fernandez Quesada F. VCP coordinators. Epidemiology of chronic venous disorders in geographically diverse populations: results from the vein consult program. Int Angiol. 2012;31(2):105–15.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Criqui MH, Jamosmos M, Fronek A, Denenberg JO, Langer RD, Bergan J, Golomb BA. Chronic venous disease in an ethnically diverse population the San Diego population study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158(5):448–56.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Darvall KA, Bate GR, Adam DJ, Bradbury AW. Generic health-related quality of life is significantly worse in varicose vein patients with lower limb symptoms independent of CEAP clinical grade. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012;44:341–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palfreyman SJ, Drewery-Carter K, Rigby K, Michaels JA, Tod AM. Varicose veins: a qualitative study to explore expectations and reasons for seeking treatment. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13:332–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ziegler S, Eckhardt G, Stoger R, MAchula J, Rudiger HW. High prevalence of chronic venous disease in hospital employees. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2003;115(15–16):575–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aquila I, Sacco MA, Gratteri S, Di Nunzio C, Ricci P. Sudden death by rupture of a varicose vein: case report and review of literature. Med Leg J. 2017;85(1):47–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carpentier PH, Maricq HR, Biro C, Ponçot-Makinen CO, Franco A. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical patterns of chronic venous disorders of lower limbs: a population-based study in France. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(4):650–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tüchsen F, Hannerz H, Burr H, Krause N. Prolonged standing at work and hospitalization due to varicose veins: a 12 year prospective study of the Danish population. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(12):847–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tuchsen F, Krause N, Hannerz H, Burr H, Kristensen TS. Standing at work and varicose veins. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000;26(5):414–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tabatabaeifar S, Frost P, Andersen JH, Jensen LD, Thomsen JF, Svendsen SW. Varicose veins in the lower extremities in relation to occupational mechanical exposures: a longitudinal study. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72(5):330–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bahk JW, Kim H, Jung-Choi K, Jung MC, Lee I. Relationship between prolonged standing and symptoms of varicose veins and nocturnal leg cramps among women and men. Ergonomics. 2012;55(2):133–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sharif Nia H, Chan YH, Haghdoost AA, Soleimani MA, Beheshti Z, Bahrami N. Varicose veins of the legs among nurses: occupational and demographic characteristics. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21(3):313–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eklof B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Gloviczki P, Kistner RL, Meissner MH, Moneta GL, Myers K, Padberg FT, et al. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:1248–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Depopas E, Brown M. Varicose veins and lower extremity venous insuffiency. Semin Interv Radiol. 2018;35:56–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Gloviczki P, Comerota AJ, Dalsing MC, Eklof BG, Gillespie DL, Gloviczki ML, et al. The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: clinical proactice guidelines of the society for vascular surgery and the American venous forum. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(5 suppl):2S–48S.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ebrahimi H, Amanpour F. Bolbol Haghighi. Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins among female hairdressers: a cross sectional study in north-east of Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2015;15(2):119–23.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mishra N, Solanki SL, Mishra S. Lower limb varicose veins among nurses: a cross sectional study in Udaipur. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2015;7(24):51–5.
Google Scholar
Krijnen RM, de Boer EM, Ader HJ, Bruynzeel DP. Venous insufficiency in male workers with a standing profession. Part 1: epidemiology. Dermatology. 1997;194(2):111–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen CL, Guo HR. Varicose veins in hairdressers and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:885.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kroeger K, Ose C, Rudofsky G, Roesener J, Hirche H. Risk factors for varicose veins. Int Angiol. 2004;23(1):29–34.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laredo J, Lee BB. Venous physiology and pathophysiology. In: Ochoa Chaar CI, editor. Current Management of Venous diseases. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 23–35.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Robertson L, Evans C, Fowkes FG. Epidemiology of chronic venous disease. Phlebology. 2008;23(3):103–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee AJ, Evans CJ, Hau CM, Allan PL, Fowkes FG. Pregnancy, Oral contraception, hormone replacement therapy and the occurrence of varicose veins: Edinburgh vein study. Phlebology. 1999;14(3):111–7.
Article
Google Scholar