Table 1 Main categories and sub-categories extract from the review of selected articles
From: Clarification of ethical principle of the beneficence in nursing care: an integrative review
Main categories | sub categories |
|---|---|
Nature | - doing “good” [12, 20, 22, 26, 34–37] - Maximum positive benefits for patients[16, 20, 22, 24, 34, 36–38] - Best care[16, 23, 34, 35, 37] - The core of care[20] - Ethical commitment to the benefit of patients[39] |
Applicability | - No harm to the patient[non-maleficence][12, 20, 22, 26, 34–38, 40] - Improving the well-being of patients[20, 22, 24, 25, 37, 38] - Attention to patient’s preferences and needs[16, 25, 34, 41] - justice-fair distribution of resources[20, 24, 35] - Predicting and reducing pain[12, 41] - Palliative and end-of-life care[38, 41] - Respect for human dignity[38] - Truth-telling[26] - Informing the patients[16] - Applying knowledge for the benefit of patients[24] - Decision-making in controversial situations[36] |
Relevant and influential factors | - Cultural, social, and ethical differences of patients[16, 26] - Knowledge, ethical insight, and commitment in nursing care[16, 22, 42] - Organizational ethical climate in the implementation of beneficence [37] |
Challenges | - Lack of acquainted with the definition of beneficence concept[42] - Applicability of beneficence[24, 25, 34] - Conflict between beneficence and preservation of patient autonomy[16, 22, 25, 26, 34, 37–39] - The conflict between beneficence and justice in care[24, 34, 38] |